Janus Bound States in the Continuum with Asymmetric Topological Charges and Intrinsic Chirality

We propose a novel topological defect called Janus bound states in the continuum (BICs), featuring asymmetric topological charges in upward and downward radiation channels. Our approach involves a photonic crystal slab (PCS) that initially exhibits both out-of-plane and in-plane mirror symmetry, and this PCS possesses one BIC at the $\Gamma$ point and two BICs off the $\Gamma$ point. By introducing perturbations that break the out-of-plane mirror symmetry, the two off-$\Gamma$ BICs decompose into four circularly polarized states (C points) with identical topological charges. Then, we selectively manipulate the four C points associated with downward radiation channel to converge at the at-$\Gamma$ BIC, forming a Janus BIC with Janus topological charges. By further introducing in-plane mirror symmetry perturbation, we can bring two of the C points with the same handedness and identical topological charges for upward radiation to merge into the Janus BIC. This process results in a Janus chiral BIC which exhibits large intrinsic chirality and an infinite Q factor. Janus BICs can induce distinct Pancharatnam-Berry phase singularities in momentum space for different incident channels, providing a new approach to control optical angular momentum. Janus chiral BICs hold promise in enhancing direction-dependent and spin-dependent asymmetric light-matter interaction, opening new pathways for improving chirality-dependent operation for on-chip devices

A systematic evaluation for the potential translation of CD166-related expression as a cancer biomarker

<p><b>Introduction</b>: Many basic studies have provided some evidences for the correlations of CD166 to cancer. However, along with the growing studies on the clinical values of CD166 in cancer areas, some controversial and inconclusive results were obtained.</p> <p><b>Areas covered</b>: An appropriate query and collection of the published articles was conducted through search in PubMed and EMBASE database. A subsequent systematical and quantitative summary of CD166 related expression and cancer was conducted with meta-analysis to clarify its clinical significance for potential translation as cancer biomarkers.</p> <p><b>Expert commentary</b>: The overall results suggested total CD166 correlated to cancer risk, membrane CD166 correlated to nodal metastasis and cytoplasmic CD166 correlated to TNM stage, and disease-free survival. The membrane CD166, cytoplasmic CD166 and soluble CD166 showed great potential to be used as a panel of markers for predicting cancer overall survival. We might conclude that CD166 functions as a risk factor for cancers, and the alterations of its different functional isoforms were observed to correlate with specific or interplayed clinical outcomes.</p

Additional file 1: of M1-like tumor-associated macrophages activated by exosome-transferred THBS1 promote malignant migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Heat-map indication of the densitometry values detected using the PathScan Immune Cell Signaling Antibody Array Kit. Colors illustrate fold changes (see color scale). Red: up-regulation; green: down-regulation. (DOCX 276 kb

Converting Chemical Energy to Electricity through a Three-Jaw Mini-Generator Driven by the Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide

Energy conversion from a mechanical form to electricity is one of the most important research advancements to come from the horizontal locomotion of small objects. Until now, the Marangoni effect has been the only propulsion method to produce the horizontal locomotion to induce an electromotive force, which is limited to a short duration because of the specific property of surfactants. To solve this issue, in this article we utilized the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to provide the propulsion for a sustainable energy conversion from a mechanical form to electricity. We fabricated a mini-generator consisting of three parts: a superhydrophobic rotator with three jaws, three motors to produce a jet of oxygen bubbles to propel the rotation of the rotator, and three magnets integrated into the upper surface of the rotator to produce the magnet flux. Once the mini-generator was placed on the solution surface, the motor catalyzed the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. This generated a large amount of oxygen bubbles that caused the generator and integrated magnets to rotate at the air/water interface. Thus, the magnets passed under the coil area and induced a change in the magnet flux, thus generating electromotive forces. We also investigated experimental factors, that is, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the turns of the solenoid coil, and found that the mini-generator gave the highest output in a hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 10 wt % and under a coil with 9000 turns. Through combining the stable superhydrophobicity and catalyst, we realized electricity generation for a long duration, which could last for 26 000 s after adding H₂O₂ only once. We believe this work provides a simple process for the development of horizontal motion and provides a new path for energy reutilization

Additional file 2: of M1-like tumor-associated macrophages activated by exosome-transferred THBS1 promote malignant migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Validation of THBS1 knockdown in SCC25 and Cal27 cells. A. Relative mRNA expression of THBS1 in SCC25 and Cal27 after THBS1 knockdown (Scrambled as control), as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Data are represented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, **p < 0.01. B. Relative protein expression of THBS1 in SCC25 and Cal27 after knockdown of THBS1 (Scrambled as control), as determined by Western blotting. Data are represented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, **p < 0.01. C. Expression level of THBS1 in CM of SCC25 and Cal27 after THBS1 knockdown (Scrambled as control), as determined by ELISA assays, **p < 0.01. D. Expression level of THBS1 in exosome supernatants of SCC25 and Cal27 cells after THBS1 knockdown (Scrambled as control), as determined by ELISA assays, **p < 0.01. (DOCX 199 kb

Additional file 4: of M1-like tumor-associated macrophages activated by exosome-transferred THBS1 promote malignant migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Control images for the Chromogenic double staining with CD80 (pink)/CD68 (brown) in primary OSCC samples. Sections stained for hematoxylin were used as negative control. Sections stained with CD68 were used as single-positive control. (DOCX 557 kb

Additional file 3: of M1-like tumor-associated macrophages activated by exosome-transferred THBS1 promote malignant migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Negative control for tracing exosome uptake by macrophages. Cultured macrophages were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with Acti-stain™ 488-Phalloidin and DAPI. Then, these macrophages were examined under confocal microscope. No red signals were captured in macrophages with an excitation at 460 nm without the incubation of labelled exosomes. (DOCX 240 kb

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Designing Ionic Liquids with Dual Lewis Basic Sites to Efficiently Separate Phenolic Compounds from Low-Temperature Coal Tar

Although separation of phenolic compounds from coal tar has a good practical application value in industry, the traditional separation method can result in serious environmental problems. In the present work, three ionic liquids (ILs) with dual Lewis basic sites were designed and synthesized by neutralizating 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and corresponding acids (<i>L</i>-proline, acetate acid, and tetrafluoroboric acid), which were employed to separate phenolic compounds from the model oil and coal tar. The basicity of TMG-based ILs were characterized by a probe molecule through ¹H NMR and quantum chemical calculations. Moreover, the influence of factors on the separation efficiency, such as stirring time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of ILs to model oil, was investigated in detail. The results showed that [TMG]­[BF₄] showed the best extraction efficiency of 98.2%, at a extraction temperature of 30 °C, stirring time of 35 min, and extraction ratio of 1.1 g/4 mL. After being separated, these ILs were recovered through back extraction. Furthermore, the separation mechanism was determined by analyzing the hydrogen bond and chemical bond for ILs and phenolic compounds via UV–vis, FT-IR, and quantum chemical calculations. Thus, TMG-based ILs can be effective in separating phenolic compounds from coal tar and as an alternative extractant in the future

Media 3: Topological edge plasmon modes between diatomic chains of plasmonic nanoparticles

Originally published in Optics Express on 09 February 2015 (oe-23-3-2021