Splenic B-cell marginal zone lymphoma with marked plasmocytic differentiation: tumor variant from Mott cells?

Splenic B-cell marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) – a rare B-cell non-Hodgkin, s lymphoma, which is represented morphologically by mature lymphoid cells, corresponding to lymphocytes of secondary follicles marginal zone by immunological characteristics. Plasma cell differentiation can be in marginal zone lymphoma, but we described a single case of abundance of Mott cells as a tumor substrate in splenic B-cell marginal zone lymphoma.We present the first case of SMZL represented by Mott cells. This was the second case of Mott cells tumor described in Russia.This observation is the only case among the collected material of splenic lymphomas. The morphological pattern is characterized by marked proliferation of monoclonal lymphoid cells with plasma cell differentiation with presence of Mott cells and is evidence of intense intracellular secretion of immunoglobulins

Bone marrow MRI after autologous transplantation and the effect of residual tumor on progression-free survival of multiple myeloma patients

Background . The study of influence of residual tumor mass, determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on the progression-free survival (PFS) remains an actual problem. Since the visual assessment of tumor bone marrow lesion can be one of the criteria for the subsequent personalized treatment choice in multiple myeloma patients.The objective of study was to determine the effect of bone marrow lesions detected by MRI after autologous hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (auto-HSCT) on PFS in multiple myeloma patients.Materials and methods . The prospective study included 60 patients who underwent spine and pelvic bones MRI on the 100 th day after autoHSCT.Results . Focal bone marrow changes were found in 47 of them – from 1 to 56 lesions (mean 6 ± 9). Significant (p = 0.01) differences of PFS in multiple myeloma patients depending on the presence or absence of tumor mass on 100 th day after auto-HSCT were revealed: with MRI negative status, 2-year PFS was 89 % versus 50 % in a group of patients with residual tumor mass.Conclusion . MRI-negative status after auto-HSCT is a favorable prognostic factor contributing to prolonged disease-free survival

STUDY OF MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE BY MULTICOLOR FLOW CYTOMETRY IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA AFTER AUTOLOGOUS HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

The frequency of achieving complete remission, as well as overall and disease-free survival, in multiple myeloma (MM) had increased due to introduction in MM treatment regimens of high-dose chemotherapy with following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). However the number of relapses remains high, caused by persistence of residual tumor cells, i.e., the presence of minimal residual disease (MRD). One of the methods for MRD study is multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) where abnormal expression of surface antigens on myeloma plasma cells (PC) is determined. The aim of our study was to investigate the MRD by MFC before and after ASCT, the frequency of MRD-negative status achievement in complete remission (CR) patients at +100 days after ASCT and the frequency of abnormal expressed antigens on myeloma plasma cells. The study included40 MMpatients in CR at +100 days after ASCT and showed that the most common aberrations of PC were: abnormal absence of CD19 and/or CD27, decreased expression of CD38 and abnormal presence of CD56. The proportion of myeloma PCs from all bone marrow cells decreased significantly after ASCT: 20 % of patients acquired MRD-negative status, 10 % had a decrease in the number of abnormal PCs by one fold. Analysis of probability of immunochemical relapse showed that the worst prognosis was in patients with MRD-positive status before and after ASCT. During the MRD monitoring within 3-18 months, MRD-relapses were detected with the subsequent development of immunochemical relapse. The detection MRD in the dynamics is more informative than the study at only one step of therapy. It may help to select more adequate treatment for patient with multiple myeloma in each specific case

Insights on multiple myeloma treatment strategies

The introduction of new agents and management strategies over the past decade has resulted in a major step change in treatment outcomes with deepening responses and increased survival for patients with multiple myeloma. In daily clinical practice, healthcare professionals are now faced with challenges including, optimal treatment sequencing and changing treatment goals. In light of this, a group of experts met to discuss diagnostic and treatment guidelines, examine current clinical practice, and consider how new clinical trial data may be integrated into the management of multiple myeloma in the future

Efficiency of pomalidomide therapy in patients with multiple myeloma refractory to lenalidomide

Currently, there has been a marked increase in the number of opportunities for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma treatment due to emergence of new target drugs. These include pomalidomide, a 3 rd generation immunomodulator capable of treating double refractory multiple myeloma (to lenalidomide and bortezomib). Efficacy and safety of pomalidomide combined with low doses of dexamethasone have been established in MM-003 and STRATUS trials. The summary presents the data on opportunities to further enhance the efficacy of pomalidomide combined with other antitumor drugs in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who previously received 4–5 lines of therapy. It has been shown that triplets based on pomalidomide and dexamethasone combined with cyclophosphamide, bendamustine, daratumumab, carfilzomib, elotuzumab are highly effective in double refractory multiple myeloma patients. A combination of pomalidomide with proteasome inhibitors is a promising treatment provided that there is no refractoriness to bortezomib

CONSTRUCTIONAL TRIP/TWIP-STEELS

Special austenitic steels (TRlP -TWlP -steels) for modern technologies of thermomechanical treatment are examine

Characteristics of telomere length in patients with hematological diseases (literature review)

Telomeres are protein structures that regulate the process of cellular aging and play the role of a protective “cap” on the end sections of chromosomes. The telomeres of nucleated cells undergo permanent shortening during their lifetime as a result of multiple cycles of DNA replication. The enzyme that provides completion of the missing telomeric repeats at the ends of chromosomes is called “telomerase”. However, recovery of critically short telomeres by telomerase or recombination in somatic cells is limited due to the presence of a large accumulation of unclosed telomeres, which triggers apoptosis. The death of stem cells due to telomere depletion ensures the selection of abnormal cells in which the genome instability contributes to malignant progression. During carcinogenesis, cells acquire mechanisms for maintaining telomeres in order to avoid programmed death. In addition, tumor cells are able to support the telomere's DNA, counteracting its shortening and premature death. Activation of telomere length maintenance mechanisms is a hallmark of most types of cancers. In the modern world, there is an increasing interest in studying the biological characteristics of telomeres. The development of new methods for measuring telomere length has provided numerous studies to understand the relationship between telomere length of human nucleated cells and cancer. Perhaps maintaining telomere length will be an important step, determining the course and prognosis of the disease. The purpose of this review is to provide an analysis of published data of the role and significance of telomere length in patients with hematological malignancies