Uluslararası aktörler bağlamında Azerbaycan'ın güvenliği

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde birtakım devletler ve uluslararası örgütler gibi uluslararası aktörlerin Azerbaycanʼın güvenliğinin sağlanmasında sahip oldukları rolün bilimsel olarak analiz edilmesidir. SSCBʼnin dağılması ile bağımsızlığına kavuşan Azerbaycan, jeopolitik konumu ve sahip olduğu doğal kaynaklarla uluslararası alanda önemli bir konuma gelmiştir. Bağımsızlık elde edildikten sonra Güney Kafkasyaʼda meydana gelen gelişmeler Azerbaycanʼın uluslararası alanda sahip olduğu konumunun belirlenmesinde büyük rol oynamıştır. Soğuk Savaş sonrası çok istikrarsız bir bölge olarak ortaya çıkan Güney Kafkasya bölgesinde yer alan Azerbaycan birtakım ülke içi ve ülke dışı sorunlarla yüzleşmiştir. Bu nedenle, ulusal güvenliğin sağlanması meselesi Azerbaycanʼın politik gündemini sürekli meşgul eden ve Azerbaycanʼın dış politika tutumunu büyük oranda etkileyen bir faktör olmuştur. Ulusal güvenliğin sağlanması kapsamında en önemli aşama Azerbaycan Silahlı Kuvvetleriʼnin oluşturulması olmuştur. Fakat sadece ülke güvenliğinin değil, aynı zamanda bölge güvenliğinin de sağlanmasına ihtiyaç duyulduğundan bu çerçevede Rusya, Türkiye, ABD, İran, Gürcistan ve diğer devletlerle yapılan görüşmeler ve BM, AGİT, NATO gibi uluslararası örgütler kapsamında gerçekleştirilen faaliyetler büyük önem arz etmiştir. Bölgesel sorunların çözüme kavuşturulmasında etkin bir uluslararası mekanizmanın yokluğunun bilincinde olan Azerbaycan, uluslararası örgütlerin güvenlik sisteminde yer alarak bölgesel sorunların çok taraflı oluşumlar çerçevesinde çözümü yönünde adımlar atmıştır

Biyoteknolojik transformasyon ile alerjen molekül içeriği azaltılmış propolisin kanser hücrelerinde apopitozis ve anjiogenez üzerine etkisi

Propolis arıların koruyucu etkilerinden faydalandıkları doğal bir üründür. Arılar propolisi, reçineden zengin ağaç ve bitkilerden topladıkları reçineyi tükürük enzimleri vasıtasıyla sindirip mumla karıştırarak kovanda hazırlar. Propolis koloniyi bakteriyel, fungal ve viral tehditlere karşı korur, arıların hastalık kapmasını önler. Propolis güçlü antioksidan, antiinflamatuar ve anti tümör etkileri nedeniyle insan sağlığının korunmasında uzun yıllardır kullanılmaktadır. Birçok faydasının yanında içerdiği bazı bileşenler, özellikle kafeik asit esterleri ve hidroksisinamik asit esterleri değişik alerjik komplikasyonlara neden olabilmektedir. Bizim çalışmamız da biyolojik transformasyonla alerjen içeriği düşürülmüş, propolisin kolon kanseri ve sağlıklı kolon hücre hatlarına sitotoksik, apopitotik ve anjiogenetik etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Propolis örnekleri farklı çözgen ve yöntemlerle ekstre edilerek, farklı Lactobacillus plantarum suşları kullanılarak biyolojik transformasyon işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Transformasyon sonrası tüm ürünlerin LC MS/MS'de içerik analizleri yapılmış ve daha sonra hücre kültürü çalışmalarına geçilmiştir. HCT-116 kolon kanseri hücre hattı ve CCD-841 CoN normal kolon epitelyal hücre hatları üzerinde propolisin sitotoksik, apopitotik ve anjiogenetik etkilerine bakılmıştır. Tüm propolis örnekleri deneylerimizdeki 28 paramere üzerinden değerlendirilmiş ve en etkili örnekler tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucumuz ilk defa biyolojik transformasyonla alerjen içeriği düşürülmüş, bir ok örnekte diğer polifenollerin miktarı korunmuş veya artmış, kolon kanserinde daha etkili sitotoksik, apopitotik, anti poliferatik ve anti anjiyogenik bir etkiye sahip, sağlıklı kolon hücre hattını koruyan apiterapötik ürünün ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Çalışmamız tüm propolis örneklerinin spesifik hücre hattına duyarlı, polifenol içeriği ekstreye çıkaracak en iyi çözgeni belirlenmiş, ve kullanımı için güvenli doz aralığı belirlenmiş ürünlerin kanser tedavisinde kullanılmasını önermekte ve bunun propolis tedavisini daha özgün ve etkili hale getireceğini savunmaktadır.Propolis is a natural product where bees take benefit from its protective effects. The bees prepare the propolis from the resin-rich trees and plants by digesting the resin with saliva enzymes and mixing them with wax. Propolis protects the colony against antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral threats and prevents the bees from getting the disease. Propolis has been used for many years in the protection of human health due to its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. In addition to many benefits, certain components, especially caffeic acid esters and hydrosinamic acid esters, may cause various allergic complications. In our study, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic, apoptic and angiogenetic effects of propolis on colon cancer and healthy colon cell lines. Propolis samples were extracted by different solvents and methods and biological transformation was performed by using different Lactobacillus plantarum strains. After transformation, content analysis of all products in LC ms / ms was made and then cell culture studies were started. The cytotoxic, apoptic and angiogenetic effects of propolis on HCT-116 colon cancer cell lines and CCD-841 CoN normal colon epithelial cell lines were investigated. All propolis samples were evaluated on 28 paramets in our experiments and the most successful samples were determined. The results of our study have reduced the allergen content by biological transformation for the first time, in many cases the amount of other polyphenols has been preserved or increased, and it has led to the emergence of an apitherapy product that protects the healthy colon cell line and a more effective cytotoxic, apoptotic, anti-polyesthetic and anti-angiogenic effect in colon cancer. Our study suggests that all propolis specimens are sensitive to the specific cell line, the best solvent to extract the polyphenol content, and recommends the use of products with safe dose range for the treatment of cancer and that this will make the propolis treatment more specific and effective

The Effect of Foot Reflexology Applied Before Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty on Anxiety, Stress, and Cortisol Levels of Individuals

1st International and 3rd National Congress of Complementary Therapies and Supportive Care Practices -- NOV 24-26, 2016 -- Antalya, TURKEYBackground Coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures cause anxiety and stress in individuals. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot reflexology applied before coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty on the anxiety, stress, and cortisol levels of individuals. Methods A simple randomized trial design was used. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into 4 groups including experimental and control groups of coronary angiography patients (30 patients in each group) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (26 patients in each group) by randomization method. Data were collected with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Distress Thermometer 90 minutes before coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and the laboratory samples were taken. After these procedures, foot reflexology was applied to both feet of the patients in the experimental group for 30 minutes, and the control group received only standard care. The inventories were reapplied 30 minutes after the reflexology application and after coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Results Whereas there was no statistically significant difference (P > .05) between the coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty experimental and control groups in Anxiety Inventory and stress median scores before reflexology, a significant difference was found (P .05). Conclusions The application of reflexology before coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty reduces the levels of anxiety, stress, and cortisol without any side effects.Academic Staff Training ProgramThis research has qbeen financed by the budget of Academic Staff Training Program

Biologically Transformed Propolis Exhibits Cytotoxic Effect on A375 Malignant Melanoma Cells In Vitro

Propolis has been used for its health benefits, due to high phenolic content. Recently it has been shown that the extraction methods which yielded phenolic molecules, affected the anti-oxidant and anticancer effect of propolis. In our previous study we showed that biotransformation of propolis via Lactobacillus plantarum might increase antioxidative effect. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of this propolis sample on A375 melanoma cells. The propolis samples were extracted in water. The phenolic molecules were determined with LC MS/MS. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by means of the WST. Water-extracted propolis samples were incubated with L. plantarum (1.5%) in 37 °C for 24 h. A375 cells were treated by propolis with doses of from 25 to 1000 µg/mL, for periods of 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Cytotoxicity MTT tests were performed. The significantly high phenolic compounds mainly; Quercetine (514 ng/mL), rutin (623 ng/mL), ellagic acid (331 ng/mL), epicatechin (125 ng/mL) were found in propolis samples IC50 values were 412.5 µg/mL (24 h) and 314 µg/mL (48 h) and 353 µg/mL (72 h). In conclusion, our data showed that the cytotoxic effect of biologically transformed propolis which have high content of rutin, quercetin, ellagic acid, epicatechin. Biotransformation might be a useful strategy to increase bioavailability of phenolic molecules in propolis

Assessing Anticancer Potential of Blueberry Flavonoids, Quercetin, Kaempferol, and Gentisic Acid, Through Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Parameters on HCT-116 Cells

###EgeUn###In recent years, natural products gained popularity with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects mediated by chemical compounds within their composition. Study results offering them as palliative therapy options in cancer or as anticancer agents with high levels of cytotoxicity brought a new approach to combine cancer treatment protocols with these products. From a different perspective, edible types of these products are suggested in daily diets due to their potential cancer preventive effects. Our preliminary work was on blueberry extracts (Vaccinium myrtillus) as a main representative of these natural products, and the contents of the extracts were analyzed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) to reveal the composition and distribution of polyphenolic compounds within. The most abundant polyphenols detected in V. myrtillus extracts were quercetin, kaempferol, and a phenolic acid, gentisic acid (GA). The compounds were further evaluated on treated HCT-116 cells for their potential anticancer effects by measuring total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels for evaluation of oxidative stress and through protein array analysis and flow cytometric analysis for evaluation of apoptosis. In analysis of oxidative stress parameters, reduced total oxidant levels and reduced oxidative stress index levels were found in cells treated with the compounds in comparison with untreated cells. In apoptosis-related protein profiles, at least twofold reduction in various apoptotic proteins was observed after quercetin and kaempferol treatment, whereas a different profile was observed for GA. Overall, results of this study showed that quercetin and kaempferol have strong cytotoxic, antioxidant, and apoptotic effects, although GA is mostly effective as an antioxidant polyphenol on HCT-116 cells

Propolis prevents inhibition of apoptosis by potassium bromate in CCD 841 human colon cell

YILDIRIM, Hatice KALKAN/0000-0001-9698-9682WOS: 000509638000001PubMed: 31990996Previously, we demonstrated that biotransformation of propolis by some special strains of Lactobacillus plantarum might decrease the allergenic molecules in propolis. in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of biotransformation of propolis on its antioxidant effect and its protective effect against potassium bromate-induced cancer in human colon cell line. Propolis samples were treated with different solutions (ethanol, polyethylene glycol, and water), and ultrasonication was applied at 40 Hz (5, 10, and 15 minutes) in order to facilitate solvation of solid samples. Fermentations were performed by L. plantarum strains (ISLG-2, ATCC-8014, and Visbyvac). the phenolic content of propolis was determined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). the antioxidant activity (antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation) and apoptosis markers (caspase 3,8,9, cytochrome-c, tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-R1 and R2 [TRAIL], and apoptosis protease activating factor-1 [APAF-1] levels) were determined in CCD 841-human colon cell line after induction of oxidative stress by potassium bromate. All propolis samples in different solvents induced apoptosis and 4 biotransformed (by L. plantarum ISL-2 strain and L. plantarum ATCC 8014 strain) propolis samples with low allergenic molecules demonstrated similar inductions of apoptosis in CCD841 cell line. in conclusion, reduction of allergenic molecules in propolis via biotransformation did not change the antioxidant and protective effects of propolis, and it is suggested as a potential therapeutic molecule in prevention of colon cancer caused by oxidative stress for all patients. Significance of the study This study is the first investigation that shows protective effect of propolis against potassium bromate toxicity by means of decreasing lipid peroxidation and reversing the main molecule levels in intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Biotransformed propolis samples by L. plantarum ISL-2 and ATCC 8014 strain with low allergen molecule content has also the same effect in potassium bromate toxicity in CCD841 colon cell. Our data contributed that propolis as a natural compound might be a good candidate due to its minimal toxicity and lack of any adverse effects to prevent carcinogenic effect of potassium bromate.Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [116Z223]Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Grant/Award Number: 116Z22

Effects of exercise on serum ischemia-modified albumin, brain natriuretic peptide and copeptin levels in boxers and kick boxers

Introduction: boxing and kick boxing are combat sports that can cause severe head, neck, face and hand injuries during fighting. Then, traumatic brain injury (TBI) incidence is high in these sports. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and copeptin have diagnostic and prognostic value for cardiac and non-cardiac ischemic events. The purpose of this study is to evaluate exercise-induced variations of serum IMA, BNP and copeptin. Methods: twenty male boxers, twenty-three male kick boxers and twenty-three age-matched male were enrolled in the study. Health assessment data were analysed. Boxers and kick boxers underwent an exercise program including training plus fighting matches. Serum samples were collected in the pre- and post-exercise periods. Serum MA, BNP and copeptin concentrations were measured in these specimens using ELISA reagents. Results: comparative analysis of analytes before and after exercise showed that exercise significantly increased serum IMA, BNP and copeptin levels both in boxers and kick boxers. Conclusion: in conclusion, IMA, BNP and copeptin levels may be candidate biomarkers for exercise-related traumatic brain injuries. The identification of new biomarkers in patients with acute and chronic neurological disorders is of considerable interest to clinicians. Then, further studies should be conducted to evaluate the possible role of IMA, BNP and copeptin in TBI pothophysiology.Scientific Research Projects Unit of Ataturk University [2013/65]This study was supported by Scientific Research Projects Unit of Ataturk University (2013/65). The authors would like to thank Caroline Jane Walker for English language editing of the article