Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses

To understand neurological complications of COVID-19 better both acutely and for recovery, we measured markers of brain injury, inflammatory mediators, and autoantibodies in 203 hospitalised participants; 111 with acute sera (1–11 days post-admission) and 92 convalescent sera (56 with COVID-19-associated neurological diagnoses). Here we show that compared to 60 uninfected controls, tTau, GFAP, NfL, and UCH-L1 are increased with COVID-19 infection at acute timepoints and NfL and GFAP are significantly higher in participants with neurological complications. Inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-12p40, HGF, M-CSF, CCL2, and IL-1RA) are associated with both altered consciousness and markers of brain injury. Autoantibodies are more common in COVID-19 than controls and some (including against MYL7, UCH-L1, and GRIN3B) are more frequent with altered consciousness. Additionally, convalescent participants with neurological complications show elevated GFAP and NfL, unrelated to attenuated systemic inflammatory mediators and to autoantibody responses. Overall, neurological complications of COVID-19 are associated with evidence of neuroglial injury in both acute and late disease and these correlate with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses acutely

Effect of microbial phytase on growth performance, plasma phosphorus concentration and tibia mineralization of broilers according to dietary calcium and phosphorus concentrations

Résumé T229 Journal of Animal Science, Volume 88, E-Supplement 2 Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 93, E-Supplement 1 Poultry Science, Volume 89, E-Supplement 1International audienc

Effect of microbial phytase on growth performance, plasma phosphorus concentration and tibia mineralization of broilers according to dietary calcium and phosphorus concentrations

Résumé T229 Journal of Animal Science, Volume 88, E-Supplement 2 Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 93, E-Supplement 1 Poultry Science, Volume 89, E-Supplement 1International audienc

Biodisponibilité de différentes sources d’oxyde de zinc chez le poulet de chair

National audienc

From eggshell decalcification to skeleton mineralization of chicken embryos during incubation

National audienc

Meta-analysis of phosphorus utilization by broilers: effect of dietary calcium concentration and microbial phytase supply

International audienc

Meta-analysis of phosphorus utilization by broilers: effect of dietary calcium concentration and microbial phytase supply

International audienc

Phosphorus utilization in finishing broiler chickens: effects of dietary calcium and microbial phytase

International audienceA decrease in dietary P, especially in finishing broilers (21 to 38 d old), is a crucial issue in poultry production from an environmental and economic point of view. Nevertheless, P must be considered together with other dietary components such as Ca and microbial phytase. Different corn and soybean meal-based diets varying in Ca [low (LCa) 0.37, medium (IVICa) 0.57, and high (HCa) 0.77%1; and nonphytate P [nPP; low (LnPP) 0.18 and high (HnPP) 0.32%] content were tested with and without microbial phytase [0 or 500 phytase units (FTU)/kg]. Feed intake, BW gain, bone mineralization, and mineral retention were examined in 144 Ross PM3 broilers (22 to 38 d old) reared in individual cages. Growth performance was not significantly affected by the treatments. Nevertheless, a numerical decrease of ADC and ADFI was observed in HCa-LnPP and LCa-HnPP associated with an increase of feed conversion ratio. Decreased dietary Ca reduced tibia ash content (Ca, linear: P < 0.001; quadratic: P = 0.034) and tibia ash weight for the highest level of nPP (Ca x nPP; P = 0.035). In parallel, increasing dietary Ca reduced the flow of retained P (P = 0.022) but also tibia ash weight in LnPP diets (Ca x nPP; P = 0.035). The responses of the animals in terms of tibia ash content and P retention were improved by the addition of microbial phytase especially for the lowest P diets (nPP x phytase, P = 0.021 and P = 0.009; respectively). Phytase increased dry tibia weight, bone breaking strength, and tibia diameter in broilers fed the highest Ca diets (Ca x phytase; P < 0.05). We conclude that is possible to decrease P levels in finishing broilers, if the Ca content is appropriate. Nevertheless, decreasing the dietary P and Ca cannot allow a maximization of bone mineralization, but the optimal threshold remains to be determined

To Explore or to Research: Trends in modern age ocean studies

The recommendations of President\u27s Panel Report on Ocean Exploration gave rise to NOAA\u27s Office of Ocean Exploration in 2001, and helped establish NOAA as the lead agency for a federal ocean exploration program. The panel defined exploration as discovery through disciplined, diverse observations and recordings of findings including rigorous, systematic observations and documentation of biological, chemical, physical, geological, and archaeological aspects of the ocean in the three dimensions of space and in time. Here we ask the question about the fine line that separates ‘Exploration’ and ‘Research’. We contend that successful exploration aims to establish new lines of knowledge or give rise to new hypothesis as compared to research where primary goal is to prove or disprove an existing hypothesis. However, there can be considerable time lag before a hypothesis can be established after an initial observation. This creates interesting challenges for ocean exploration because instant ‘return on investment’ can not be readily shown. Strong media and public interest is garnered by far and apart exciting discoveries about new biological species or processes. However, most of the ocean exploration work goes to systematically extract basic information about a previously unknown area. We refer to this activity as baseline characterization in providing information about an area which can support hypothesis generation and further research to prove or disprove this hypothesis. Examples of such successful characterization include OER endeavors in the Gulf of Mexico that spanned over 10 years and it provided baseline characterization in terms of biological diversity and distribution on basin-wide scale. This baseline characterization was also conveniently used by scientists to conduct research on benthic communities to study effects of deep water horizon incident. More recently similar characterization has been attempted by NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer from 2011 - 2013 field season in NE Atlantic canyon. This has been one of the first ever campaigns to systematically map the NE canyons from US-Canada border to Cape Hatteras. After the 3D mapping of the canyons that included multibeam sonar derived bathymetry and backscatter, OER provided the first ever comprehensive maps of the seafloor and water column which have become the basis for further exploration and research in this region. NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer currently remains the only federal vessel dedicated solely to Ocean Exploration. Examples of some of the recent discoveries of the ship will be provided to explain as how Exploration and Research are merging together in modern era of ocean sciences

Modulation de l'utilisation digestive du phosphore chez le porcelet sevré: influence de l'apport de calcium et de phytase sur le pH et la solubilité des minéraux au niveau gastro-intestinal

National audienc