Atraumatic acute compartment syndrome in anticoagulated patient: A case report

Abstract Introduction and importance Compartment syndrome is a well-known surgical emergency caused by increasing pressure inside the fascial or osteo-fascial compartment, resulting in vascular compromise, ischemia, and necrosis. This condition usually occurs following a traumatic incident. Here we present a report of nontraumatic acute compartment syndrome caused by systemic anticoagulation in patients presenting with the acute coronary syndrome. Case presentation We report a case of a 51-year-old male with acute coronary syndrome receiving systemic anticoagulation, which later developed significant swelling and tensing on his right arm. He also complained of pallor and paresthesia with decreased peripheral oxygen saturation on his right arm. Clinical discussion The patient was diagnosed with atraumatic acute compartment syndrome and underwent fasciotomy promptly. His symptoms improved after undergoing fasciotomy. Conclusions Atraumatic acute compartment syndrome is a rare case. Identifying this condition without a typical history of underlying predisposition is important to avoid delaying emergent surgery as the key therapy

Comparison between unfractionated heparin (UFH) and fondaparinux on platelets and D-dimer level in COVID-19 patients with hypercoagulation

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the clinical effects between UFH and fondaparinuxin COVID-19 patients with hypercoagulation. Material and methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Samples were taken consecutively from hospitalizedCOVID-19 patients with hypercoagulation who received UFH or fondaparinux based on the standardizedguidelines. A total of 71 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were evaluated for platelet and D-dimervalues before and after administration of UFH or fondaparinux. Results: Although there was no difference in D-dimer reduction between the two groups (p = 0.44), fondaparinuxshowed a greater reduction, 26% against 22% for UFH. While on platelets, there was a significantdifference (p = 0.04) between fondaparinux and UFH. Fondaparinux showed a reduced thrombocytopeniaimpact, as seen by an increase in pre- and post-therapy platelets of up to 50%, compared to 16% in UFH.In regard to the incidence of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT), there was no significant differencebetween post-UFH therapy and post-fondaparinux therapy (p = 0.361). Conclusion: Fondaparinux did not reduce platelet levels as much as UFH, but there was no differencebetween the fondaparinux group compared to the UFH group in the effect of decreasing D-dimer levels andthe sign of HIT

Interactive Training and Education Improves Basic Hypertension Knowledge of Woman Cadres in Surabaya

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of premature death and disability. Interactive education and training are potentially used to improve hypertension knowledge. AIM: This study aimed to identify the impact of training and education programs toward knowledge in hypertension for women cadres. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia, involving 100 women cadre. The data were collected through interviews, pre- and post-training using a validated researcher-made questionnaire of demographic characteristics, and knowledge tests of hypertension. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21. RESULTS: Knowledge of cadre was significantly increased by 50% after the training and education program (p < 0.001). The median score of the pre-test and post-test was 40.00 (30.00–50.00) and 60.00 (50.00–70.00), respectively. The level of education found to have a negative correlation with the post-test score (p = 0.008). There was no difference in knowledge increment after training among age groups (p = 0.261), marital status (p = 0.849), or occupations type (p = 0.827). CONCLUSION: Training and education programs significantly improve the hypertension knowledge of woman cadre. This method can be a preferable early public health intervention to tackle hypertension

Effect of Black Cumin Ethanolic Extract Administration to Superoxide Dismutase and Malondialdehyde in Inhibiting Endothelial Dysfunction in Cigarette Exposed Rats

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress caused by various components in cigarette smoke can induce endothelial dysfunction. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) has an oxidative stress inhibition capability by increasing antioxidant enzyme production and decreasing lipid peroxidation.METHODS: This is an in vivo study with a post-test only design using Wistar rats as subjects. Rats were randomly assigned into five groups: negative control (NC) group without any treatment, positive control (PC) group exposed to cigarette smoke only, and treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) which received exposure of cigarette smoke and administration of black cumin extract with doses of 0.3 g/kg BW/day (T1), 0.6 g/Kg BW/day (T2), and 1.2 g/kg BW/day (T3). After four weeks, samples were sacrificed with the aortas taken to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD)activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level.RESULTS: A significant reduction in SOD activity (p=0.022) was found between the NC and PC groups but not in MDA level (p=0.394). SOD activity increased significantly in T2 when compared to PC (p=0.007). MDA levels significantly increased at T1 (p=0.002), T2 (p=0.005), and T3 (p=0.006) when compared to PC.CONCLUSION: Black cumin ethanolic extract increased SOD activity in Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. However, no reduce of MDA level was observed