Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism by external liver counting : correlation between external scintillation counting of the liver and plasma protein-bound iodine<SUP>131</SUP>

External liver counting clearly distinguishes between euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients (t = 10.2); hyperthyroid and nontoxic goitre patients (t = 11.9). Individual values for these patients show a good separation between the groups. Correlation coefficient between liver counts and PBI131 in euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients was found to be 0.84 and correlation coefficient for hyperthyroid and nontoxic goitre patients was 0.76. The advantages of external liver counting as an alternative method to plasma PBI131 estimations are: (a) simplicity of the techniques; (b) no additional well scintillation assembly needed, and (c) no errors in results due to contamination of glassware, chemicals, etc(a) simplicity of the techniques; (b) no additional well scintillation assembly needed, and (c) no errors in results due to contamination of glassware, chemicals, et

Bacterial Wilt of Groundnut: Control with Emphasis on Host Plant Resistance

BACTERIAL wilt caused by P~eudomonas~o lanaceorum is the only important bacterial disease of groundnut. It is a rerlous problem in major groundnut-producing are= of Indonesia (Schuarr and Hanlcy 1927; Machmud, thele Proceeding,), in southern China (Darong et at. 1981). and in restricted areas of Africa (Simbwa-Bunnya 1972). The di~iws a potential threat to groundnut prcb duction in several other pans of the uorld, apccially in warm humid areas. Effectlve control measurn arc to use sui~able crpp rotations and to grow wilt-resistant groundnut ~ultivars (Schwarz and Hartley 1930; Porter et al. 1982). Bmderl have produced bacterial wilt-resistant groundnut cultivars in several parts of the world (Schwarz and Hartley 1926; Darong et al. 1981). Several scrrcning/inoculation techniques hare been used to identify sources of resistance (Darong el at. 1981; Winstead and Kelman 1952), but the wide range of variability in the pathogen populations complicata wilt resistance breeding

A simple method of estimating folic acid absorption (a modified faecal excretion method)

This article does not have an abstract

Aflatoxin production in seeds of wild Arachis species.

(In Fr) (In Es) Of 22 accessions of wild Arachis spp. and 5 of groundnut (A. hypogaea) inoculated with Aspergillus flavus, all supported production of aflatoxin B1. A. duranensis and A. cardenasii, earlier reported to possess near absolute resistance to aflatoxin production, supported substantial amounts of aflatoxin B1 but significant differences in levels of aflatoxin production were found between the accessions of the species tested. The groundnut genotype OG 35-1, previously reported to support a low level of aflatoxin production was found to support a substantial level of aflatoxin production., 8 ref., (In Fr) (In Es) Of 22 accessions of wild Arachis spp. and 5 of groundnut (A. hypogaea) inoculated with Aspergillus flavus, all supported production of aflatoxin B1. A. duranensis and A. cardenasii, earlier reported to possess near absolute resistance to aflatoxin production, supported substantial amounts of aflatoxin B1 but significant differences in levels of aflatoxin production were found between the accessions of the species tested. The groundnut genotype OG 35-1, previously reported to support a low level of aflatoxin production was found to support a substantial level of aflatoxin production

Components of Rust Resistance in Peanut Genotypes

Components of resistance to peanut rust were evaluated in 144 genotypes with the detached-leaf technique. All components of disease resistance—infection frequency, incubation period, lesion diameter, percentage of leaf area damage, and sporulation index—were significantly correlated with each other and with mean field rust scores. Incubation period was negatively correlated with all other components, which were positively correlated with one another. Significant differences among genotypes were observed for each component. The greatest variability among genotypes was observed for incubation period and percentage of leaf area damage. Of 144, 17 genotypes had a low sporulation index (1.3–2.5) and long incubation period (17.1–21 days). Components of resistance were further examined in 20 selected genotypes (based on sporulation index and incubation period levels), including the rust-susceptible cultivar TMV 2. Different components of resistance were not found in all genotypes; complementation of components was evident in genotypes ICG 10890 and 10881. The interrelationships among the components are described, and the usefulness of the incubation period and sporulation index is discussed in relation to selection for rust resistance

Research on fungal diseases of groundnut at ICRISAT

Many fungal diseases of groundnut are known (Jackson and Bell 1969; Garren and Jackson 1973) and many fungi are reported to be closely associated with groundnut fruits and seeds. Some of the diseases are of restricted distribution but most are of common occurrence throughout the Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT). At ICRISAT the main concern is with those widespread diseases that cause economically important losses in yield, and in this paper investigations carried out during the past 4 years on important foliar and soilborne diseases are briefly reviewed

Assessment of Aspergillus flavus Infection and Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut in Southern Vietnam

Groundnut is an important food and cash crop in Vietnam with a high export potential. Limited studies of foods in the country have indicated that aflatoxin contamination is a problem in groundnut and maize. Vietnam considers the aflatoxin problem in groundnut to be of great importance, especially in view of Vietnam's expanding trade in this commodity, and the increasing use of groundnut cake as animal feed, Systematic surveys were conducted to assess Aspergillus flevus infection and aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts from farmers' fields and marketsloil mills in the major groundnut-growing areas of southern Vietnam. Results indicated that preharvest aflatoxin contamination is not likely to be a serious problem in adequately irrigated groundnuts. However, groundnuts grown under residual moisture or limited irrigation can be contaminated under conducive environmental conditions prevailing in the winter-spring season as evidenced by moderate to high aflatoxin levels found in some samples. Soilborne diseases such as stemlpod rot and bacterial wilt prevalent in many parts of southern Vietnam are likely to encourage A. flavus invasion of podlseed in the field. It is emphasized that the aflatoxin problem should be viewed holistically as contamination can be pre- and postharvest with many factors influencing, e,g., the crop rotation, soil moisture, soilborne pests and diseases, crop produce drying and storage conditions. A brochure on "Aflatoxin contamination problems in groundnuts and groundnut products" was prepared (in English and Vietnamese) and distributed to many farmers, traders, and extension and research workers to enhance awareness of the aflatoxin problem and management option