Recent development of magnetic sensor

With recent advancement of sensors development, many efforts have been made in improving technologies that can turn every measurable value in the environment into something meaningful at least that is the idea of transducers – a collection of devices that can convert physical quantities into electrical value. For instance, temperature sensor converts degree of hotness (temperature) into voltages, which in turn can be hooked on an electrical signal processing circuit to produce a thermo-controller. Various other types of transducer are available nowadays that can detect many elements, for examples ultrasonic sensor for distance, pressure sensors, proximity, infrared sensors and many others..

Image reconstruction using iterative transpose algorithm for optical tomography

This paper describes a transpose algorithm for use with an optical tomography system. The measurement system consisted of two orthogonal arrays, each having ten parallel views, resulting in a total of twenty sensors. The measurement section is divided into hundred equi-sized pixels. The forward problem is modelled by allocating an optical attenuation coefficient to each pixel. The attenuation of incident collimated light beams is then modelled using the Lambert-Beer law. The inverse problem is defined and the transpose of the sensitivity matrix is used to obtain an estimate of the attenuation coefficients in each pixel. The iterative method is investigated as a means of improving reconstructed image qualit

Optical fiber sensor review

Technology of fiber optic are widely used for its applications which mostly known for carrying information over long distances for the best efficiency. It is also used for medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, physical parameters detection, industrial applications, food safety, and security [1]. The fiber optic technology can also be a method for sensor application which is a fiber optic sensor..

Smart bus terminal using infrared identification

Significant increase in vehicles inside city areas results in adding more troubles to that section of citizens using public transportation network as their primary source of travelling. This specific section of society is a victim of this rapid growing traffic volume and causing a huge waste of time due to not having proper information of required bus current position. The problem results in not only wasting of time but also mentally unhappy and tensed citizens. Nowadays, passengers want to get the clear information of their desired buses at station, like the position and estimated time of arrival of bus etc. The implementation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) nowadays has developed to the incredible extent. This system is proved that is to be very useful not only in the safety purpose but also it eases to any users. The combination with infrared can use to monitor and identify the location of certain bus and present it the information to the bus passenger on LCD at terminal by using the simulation. The tag and the reader of the infrared devices are wirelessly connected and control station can authorize not only to monitor the bus but can also identify the particular of the bus such as bus registration number and bus company names

Finite element analysis of silicon nanowire array based SAW gas sensor

This work presents the design and finite element analysis of a surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based sensor for the detection of volatile organic compound (VOC) gases. The effect of silicon nanowire array (SiNWA) on a 128º YX-lithium niobate (LiNbO3) substrate for sensing the VOC gases was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics. The frequency response was investigated in relation to changes in the SiNWA sensitive layer and VOC gas concentration. The resonant frequency of the SAW device was also evaluated, and simulation results were obtained after being exposed to 100ppm concentration of VOC gas. It was determined that the frequency increased, after the sensor was exposed to VOC gases. In general, extending the length of the SiNWA enhances the sensor's sensitivity

A review on the developments, potentials and challenges of application of metal products and in metal industry using process tomography system

This paper will provide an overall view of the developments, potentials and challenges of industrial applications involving metal products and in metal industry using process tomography system. The primary focus of the review is to highlight the differences occurred in process tomography in using metallic and non-metallic product especially involving the steel pipes which includes the differences in sensor arrangements (ERT, ECT, EIT), issues that arises in the use of metal and steel product besides in the metal production itself

Magnetic induction tomography: a brief review

Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) is a contactless non-invasive imaging technique that interested in mapping the passive electrical properties of a material; conductivity, permittivity and permeability. This paper presents the criteria and previous functional specification involving the development of MIT, focusing in conductivity imaging. Various ways have been implemented from a simple electronic configuration of the front-end sensory circuit, data acquisition system, reconstruction algorithm and graphical user interfacing (GUI) tools. Induction sensors are paramount as it does provide the signal source for time varying magnetic field to the coils. The advantages and limitations of MIT are also presented. Many more advancement can be expected to enhance the lack of MIT especially in spatial resolution and dynamic response of the sensor

A preliminary result on electrical capacitance tomography for gas-solid flow in pneumatic conveyor system

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is categorized as a soft-field sensor which is non-invasive and non-intrusive instrument that can provide the visualization of cross-sectional distribution of any kind of multiphase flow. ECT would help in understanding the gas-solid flow interaction. This research is conducted to overcome some difficulties in measurement of gas-solid flows that exist in multiphase flows in pipelines or vessels such as the sedimentation of the solid and the velocity of the solid particles. Hence, the characterization of gas-solid two-phase flow by implementing an ECT system is necessary. Three objectives are set for this research which are the determination of an optimum frequency and amplitude for capacitance measurement of Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) material by ECT system, the determination of the average solid velocity in gas-solid two-phase flow through cross-correlation method using Parseval’s theorem, and image reconstruction based on eight ECT sensors using Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm. This paper concise the theory of ECT system, existing works, proposed methodology, and the expected results

Gas-solid two-phase flow of pulverized coal by ECT: a review

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a non-intrusive and non-invasive internal visualization tool that facilitates improved quantification by producing cross-sectional distribution information for any kind of multiphase flow. In a coal-fired power station, there are some concerning issues such as the sedimentation of pulverized coal in the piping system before it reaches the boiler system and the non-uniformity of its velocity, which contributes to a reduction in electricity generation and higher carbon dioxide emissions. The aim of this paper is to provide a review based on various research works on pulverized coal that utilized ECT system. This paper also consists of principle of ECT, image reconstruction, and velocity measurement. Further research and works will be executed based on the preliminary data gained to improve the existing works