Fighting Irrelevance: The Role of Regional Trade Agreements in International Production Networks in Asia

This chapter contains the sectoral case study on the textiles and clothing (T&C) in Bangladesh. The objectives of the chapter were to clarify value chain development in the export-oriented T&C sector of Bangladesh and the factors responsible for its development since its inception in the early 1980s. An in-depth analysis was carried out that covered: (a) the pattern of trade in T&C products between Bangladesh and other countries, (b) the dynamics and changes of the trade pattern and (c) the role of trade policies that focus on regional trade agreements (RTAs). Based on the analysis, the study makes policy suggestions for effective IPN operation in the T&C sector of Bangladesh.trade liberalization, international production networks, regional trade agreements, value chain, Asia, textile and clothing, East Asia, Bangladesh

Prospects of economic cooperation in the Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar region: A quantitative assessment

This paper quantifies the economic impact of Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar (BCIM) economic cooperation and compares it with the alternative option of expanding South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) with China and Myanmar. The paper examines the macro-economic performance of the individual countries and the current level of trade among the BCIM member countries at the regional level.BCIM, SAFTA, Economic Impact

Jute Manufacturing Sector of Bangladesh Challenges, Opportunities and Policy Options

Major objectives of the present study are : a) To understand the changes in structure and composition of jute manufacturing sector of Bangladesh and analyse economic, technological, managerial and labour related issues of the jute manufacturing sector under different regimes. b) To study economic, technological and worker related issues of jute mills currently inoperation, under the public and private sectors, in order to identify major factors responsible for their efficiencies/ inefficiencies. c) To identify opportunities and challenges that needs to be confronted by the jute manufacturing sector in the near future. d) To extract appropriate policy suggestions with a view to develop a viable and efficient jute manufacturing sector.Bangladesh, Jute Manufacturing

Evaluation of various leakage current paths with different switching conditions

The Photovoltaic (PV) panel is the arrangement of solar cells that becoming famous in the world for commercial electric power market via transformer-less topology. However, non-existing galvanic isolation is the biggest problem occurred in the whole system and is known as leakage issue. In this paper, different paths of leakage current were analyzed with various wave shapes and ranges. Furthermore, it was also verified using DC decoupling and AC decoupling with full bridge rectifier. Moreover, the EMC filter and high range load were used to evaluate the performance. Moreover, here also shown the transfer function of EMC filter with its simulated figure

Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum Resistin and periodontal pathogen in periodontitis patients with obesity

Background Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) known as gold standard treatment in managing periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of NSPT in periodontitis subjects who were obese. Clinical parameters of periodontitis, changes in serum resistin and periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque were compared before and after NSPT in periodontitis subjects who were obese and with normal weight. Methods A total of 48 periodontitis subjects (obese, n = 18; normal weight, n = 30) were recruited (hereafter will be referred as participants) to participate into a prospective, before and after clinical trial. Obesity status is defined by body mass index (BMI) criteria (obese: >= 30 kg/ m(2); normal weight < 25 kg/m(2)). Visible Plaque Index (VPI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) were recorded; and serum and plaque were collected at baseline and following 12 weeks post-NSPT. Serum resistin level was analyzed using enzyme-linked immune-sorbant assay (ELISA), while detection of periodontal pathogens in dental plaque were carried out using real time PCR (qPCR). Results Following NSPT, means VPI and GBI showed significant improvement between obese and normal weight groups (p < 0.05), but no difference in means PPD and CAL was observed between groups. Obesity remained as a predictor for VPI and GBI after adjusting for smoking habit. No significant difference was observed in serum resistin level and mean counts for P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and P. intermedia between obese and normal weight groups following NSPT. Conclusions Regardless of obesity status, NSPT has a significant impact on VPI and GBI in periodontitis subjects. However, the impact of NSPT towards serum resistin and periodontal pathogens was non-significant in those with periodontitis

Carbon footprint analysis of fossil power plants in Bangladesh: measuring the impact of CO2{CO}_{2} CO 2 and greenhouse gas emissions

Abstract Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have increased substantially due to industrialization and the rapid growth in energy demand in Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive carbon footprint analysis of fossil power plants in Bangladesh, focusing on the impact of GHG emissions. We evaluate the carbon footprint of fossil power plants based on their power generation capacity, fuel type, specific emission rates, and global warming potential (GWp) for various GHGs. The emission factor approach has been used in conjunction with the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology. Findings of the study indicate that fossil power plants in Bangladesh contribute significantly to the country's overall carbon footprint, with $${CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 and other GHG emissions being the primary drivers. Furthermore, we evaluate Bangladesh's GHG emissions in comparison with neighbouring countries to determine its position. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil-based power plants, we find that Bangladesh has relatively low emissions compared to its neighbours and developing countries in Asia. Nevertheless, Bangladesh has witnessed a significant increase in coal-fired power generation in recent years, which has emerged as a significant contributor to emissions. Following an analysis of GHG emissions from fossil fuel power plants, we recommend adopting advanced technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) with improved energy efficiency systems and integrating renewable energy sources into the power generation mix. We conclude our analysis by highlighting the importance of transitioning to cleaner, sustainable energy sources to reduce future carbon emissions