Baseline and treatment features of study (A) and validation (B) cohorts.

<p>n.d.  =  not detectable, SVR = Sustained virologic response, SC = HBeAg to anti-HBe seroconversion, Rel = relapse, NR = no response, OTR = on treatment response.</p><p>Baseline and treatment features of study (A) and validation (B) cohorts.</p

Comparison of miRNA profile of SVR vs NR and REL at different time points by Student’s t test analysis: a total of 21 miRNA (out of 66 tested) showed significant differential expression after Bonferroni correction (cut-off<0.000758).

<p>Comparison of miRNA profile of SVR vs NR and REL at different time points by Student’s t test analysis: a total of 21 miRNA (out of 66 tested) showed significant differential expression after Bonferroni correction (cut-off<0.000758).</p

Differentially expressed miRNAs comparing Baseline (BL) and Week 12 (Wk 12) sera in 14 Peg-IFN HBeAg negative CHB patients.

<p>Of the 8 miRNAs presenting p<0.05 only miR-30e-3p passes the Bonferroni correction (cut-off <0.000758) for multiple testing (<b>ΔΔ</b>Cq 1.7 up-regulation, p = 0.000354).</p><p>Differentially expressed miRNAs comparing Baseline (BL) and Week 12 (Wk 12) sera in 14 Peg-IFN HBeAg negative CHB patients.</p

Dynamic variation of miRNA profiles at Baseline (BL), during (week 12, 24 and End of Treatment, EOT) and after therapy (week 24 post-treatment follow-up, PT-FU) according to treatment response (NR, REL, SVR) in 14 Peg-IFN treated patients.

<p>Statistical analysis by one way ANOVA.</p><p>Dynamic variation of miRNA profiles at Baseline (BL), during (week 12, 24 and End of Treatment, EOT) and after therapy (week 24 post-treatment follow-up, PT-FU) according to treatment response (NR, REL, SVR) in 14 Peg-IFN treated patients.</p

MiR-B-Index in HBV carriers: diagnostic performance to identify inactive carriers (AUROCs), index kinetics in Peg-IFN treated patients by outcome and distribution of the index values by treatment outcome and phase of HBV infection.

<p><b>A)</b> Receiver operating characteristic curve for MiR-B-Index in IC vs patients with chronic hepatitis (HBeAg positive or negative CHB, HBV/HDV chronic hepatitis, ALD1): 0.9520 (95% CI 0.903 to 1.000, p<0.001); <b>B)</b> ROC for MiR-B-Index in IC vs HBeAg negative CHB (ALD2): 0.954 (95% CI 0.902 to 1.000, p<0.001; <b>C)</b> Kinetics of MiR-B-Index in 14 patients treated with Peg-IFN: MiR-B-Index values progressively increased in SVR, whereas they showed minor fluctuations in REL/NR (p<0.001); <b>D)</b> Whisker plot of the MiR-B-Index (y-axis) values in BL CHB patients treated with Peg-IFN (NR, REL and SVR), 24 week post-T-FU of REL/NR and SVR and IC, separately (CHB-BL vs IC p<0.001; SVR-BL vs SVR PT-FU p<0.001; REL/NR BL vs REL/NR PT-FU p = 0.462; SVR PT-FU vs IC p = 0.792).</p

One-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon Mann Whitney U test in 61 untreated HBV carriers: 31 miRNAs (out of 66 tested) showed significant differential expression after either ANOVA or the U test on the four group comparison (Bonferroni multiple testing cut-off = 0.000758).

<p>One-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon Mann Whitney U test in 61 untreated HBV carriers: 31 miRNAs (out of 66 tested) showed significant differential expression after either ANOVA or the U test on the four group comparison (Bonferroni multiple testing cut-off = 0.000758).</p

Hierarchical clustering of miRNAs from HBsAg particles and samples.

<p>The heatmap shows the result of the two-way hierarchical clustering of miRNAs from HBsAg particles and samples (zero centered). The colour scale shown at the top illustrates the relative expression level of a miRNA across all samples: red colour represents an expression level above mean, blue colour represents expression lower than the mean. The SVR post-T FU (Peg-IFN treated patients) group clusters with the IC group.</p

Kinetics of HBV markers in patients treated with Peg-IFN.

<p>Kinetics of median values of HBV markers between baseline (BL), end of therapy (EOT) and end of follow-up (EOF) in 35 patients treated with Peg-IFN: 6 NR, 10 REL and 19 SVR. Patients who did not respond to IFN (NR and REL) were subsequently switched to NUC. P values: a) HBsAg: BL vs EOT 0.27 for NR, 0.50 for REL and <0.001 for SVR; b) HBV-DNA: BL vs EOT 0.59 for NR, 0.014 for REL and <0.001 for SVR; c) Anti-HBc-IgM: BL vs EOT 0.24 for NR, 0.01 for REL and 0.17 for SVR; d) Total Anti-HBc: BL vs EOT 0.39 for NR, <0.001 for REL and <0.001 for SVR.</p

Drug classes used as comedication when beginning DAA therapy, by severity of liver disease, among HCV-infected patients.

<p>Drug classes used as comedication when beginning DAA therapy, by severity of liver disease, among HCV-infected patients.</p

Number of co-medications used and percentage of patients, by DAA regimen, among HCV-infected patients.

<p>(A) Patients with mild liver disease. (B) Patients with moderate-to severe-liver disease. SOF/RBV: sofosbuvir plus ribavirin, SOF/SIM: sofosbuvir plus simeprevir, SOF/DCV: sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir, SOF/LDV: sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir, 3D: paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, dasabuvir. The percentage of patients who took one drug (in blu), two drugs (in red), three drugs (in green) and more than 3 drugs (in violet) are reported considering the total number of patients reported for each regimen in both Fig 1A and Fig 1B at the same manner.</p