Associations of Lower and Higher Total Bilirubin Levels With Total Mortality by Race/ethnicity and Smoking Status in United States Older Adults, 1999–2004.^a

<p>CI  =  confidence interval; HR  =  hazard ratio.</p>a<p>Participants with total bilirubin levels of 0.5–0.7 mg/dl were used as the referent group for comparison. All data were adjusted for survey period, age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, education, smoking, regular alcohol consumption, history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, albuminuria, cancer, fibrates, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, estimated glomerular filtration rate, C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, uric acid, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin.</p

Percentages of Total Death in United States Older Adults, 1999–2004.

<p>SE  =  standard error.</p>a<p>Unweighted numbers.</p

The cumulative survival curve for total mortality from the Cox regression model after full adjustment (model 4 of Table 3).

<p>The cumulative survival curve for total mortality from the Cox regression model after full adjustment (model 4 of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094479#pone-0094479-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>).</p

Clinical Characteristics in United States Older Adults by Mortality Status, 1999–2004.

<p>ACEI  =  angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB  =  angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI  =  body mass index; CCB  =  calcium channel blocker; CI  =  confidence interval; CVD  =  cardiovascular disease; eGFR  =  estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL  =  high-density lipoprotein; SE  =  standard error.</p><p>Data are expressed as mean or percent (standard error), unless otherwise noted.</p>a<p>Includes bile acid sequestrants, cholesterol adsorption inhibitors, and other types of lipid-lowering medications.</p>b<p>Data are expressed as geometric mean (95% CI).</p>c<p>Estimated from the Cox regression model after adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and survey period, where appropriate.</p>d<p>Estimates are unreliable due to coefficient of variation > 0.3.</p

Association of Total Bilirubin Levels With Total Mortality in United States Older Adults, 1999–2004.

<p>HR  =  hazard ratio; CI  =  confidence interval.</p>a<p>Adjusted for survey period, age, sex, and race/ethnicity (n = 4,303).</p>b<p>Further adjusted for body mass index, education, smoking, and regular alcohol consumption (n = 3,928).</p>c<p>Further adjusted for history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, albuminuria, cancer, fibrates, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, and calcium channel blockers (n = 3,764).</p>d<p>Further adjusted for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, estimated glomerular filtration rate, C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, uric acid, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin (n = 3,758).</p

Association between body fat composition measures and anthropometry by sex in MESA.

<p>Regression equation for body fat composition by anthropometry and sex: Ln body fat composition = β0₁ + β0₂(sex) + β1(X) + β2(X²) + β3(sex*X). Intercept = β0₁ + β0₂, Linear = β1 <b>+</b> β3, Quadratic = β2, P-value for difference by sex = p-value for β3. Centering: height—160cm, weight—50kg, BMI—20 kg/m², waist—100cm, hip—100cm, waist to hip—0.7, waist to height—0.4.</p><p>Association between body fat composition measures and anthropometry by sex in MESA.</p

Lowess of Visceral Fat and Subcutaneous Fat by Sex in 1851 Adults in the MESA Body Composition ancillary Study.

<p>Lowess of Visceral Fat and Subcutaneous Fat by Sex in 1851 Adults in the MESA Body Composition ancillary Study.</p

Characteristics (Mean (SD) or Percentile) of 1851 Adults^a Aged 45–84 in the MESA Body Composition Ancillary Study by Body Composition Quartile^b.

<p>a. Participants on Thiazolidinediones and observations with Cook's Distance >0.025 excluded.</p><p>b. Quartile cutoffs are equivalent to 97.7, 138.2, 193.6 cm² visceral fat170.7, 235.1, 311.1 cm² subcutaneous fat on the original scale</p><p>c. Diabetes diagnosed as ≥126 mg/dl fasting glucose</p><p>Characteristics (Mean (SD) or Percentile) of 1851 Adults<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139559#t001fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> Aged 45–84 in the MESA Body Composition Ancillary Study by Body Composition Quartile<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139559#t001fn002" target="_blank">^b</a>.</p

Association between clinical and hemodynamic characteristics and pericardial fat.

<p>Table values are Spearman correlation coefficients (r).</p><p>*p<0.05,</p>†<p>p≤0.0001;</p><p>Abbreviations as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0028410#pone-0028410-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Association Between Body Fat Composition Measures and Anthropometry by Race/Ethnicity in MESA.

<p>Regression equation for body fat composition by anthropometry and race/ethnicity: Ln body fat composition = β0₁ + β0₂(race) + β1(X) + β2(X²) + β3(race*X). Intercept = β0₁ + β0₂, Linear = β1 <b>+</b> β3, Quadratic = β2, P-value for difference by race = <i>P</i>-value for overall F-test. Centering: height—160cm, weight—50kg, BMI—20 kg/m², waist—100cm, hip—100cm, waist to hip—0.7, waist to height—0.4.</p><p>Association Between Body Fat Composition Measures and Anthropometry by Race/Ethnicity in MESA.</p