Object-oriented Programming Laws for Annotated Java Programs

Object-oriented programming laws have been proposed in the context of languages that are not combined with a behavioral interface specification language (BISL). The strong dependence between source-code and interface specifications may cause a number of difficulties when transforming programs. In this paper we introduce a set of programming laws for object-oriented languages like Java combined with the Java Modeling Language (JML). The set of laws deals with object-oriented features taking into account their specifications. Some laws deal only with features of the specification language. These laws constitute a set of small transformations for the development of more elaborate ones like refactorings

Requirements of the authorized examinator physician (AME) for class II: interpretative doubts and suggestions

The purpose of this document is to clarify the requirements that a doctor must have for carrying out the Authorized Examiner (AME) activity for class II workers. We have consulted the normative sources that indicate the requisite that the authorized physicians must possess and subsequently we have compared the norms, the European Union regulations and the national ones issued by the National Civil Aviation Body (ENAC), as well as the guidelines indicated by the EASA. Finally, Authors give suggestions that can be given to ENAC regarding the issue of the authorization as AME examiner for class II workers

L’esercizio del diritto al di là della terapia. Lo human enhancement

Human Enhancement is a modification aimed at improving individual human performance through scientific or technological interventions in the human body. Sure enough, it is based on techniques aimed to improve the knowledge, to change the physique appearance, to increase the physique and the athletic performance, to intensify the working capabilities. The Authors propose to identify the ethical and juridical frames, as well as the medical legal and medical social ones, in which to assimilate the enhancement, duly considering that it's inevitable, since human beings are naturally competitive and since the change is constant and it's the historical main character of every social and cultural revolution, in other words it's the main reason of our evolution. Therefore, we need to value if the application of the enhancement technologies is harmful of the human dignity or if it's an useful tool to improve the human life's condition and then his own dignity

Forecasting Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika cases in Recife, Brazil: a spatio-temporal approach based on climate conditions, health notifications and machine learning

Dengue has become a challenge for many countries. Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti spread rapidly over the last decades. The emergence chikungunya fever and zika in South America poses new challenges to vector monitoring and control. This situation got worse from 2015 and 2016, with the rapid spread of chikungunya, causing fever and muscle weakness, and Zika virus, related to cases of microcephaly in newborns and the occurrence of Guillain-Barret syndrome, an autoimmune disease that affects the nervous system. The objective of this work was to construct a tool to forecast the distribution of arboviruses transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti by implementing dengue, zika and chikungunya transmission predictors based on machine learning, focused on multilayer perceptrons neural networks, support vector machines and linear regression models. As a case study, we investigated forecasting models to predict the spatio-temporal distribution of cases from primary health notification data and climate variables (wind velocity, temperature and pluviometry) from Recife, Brazil, from 2013 to 2016, including 2015’s outbreak. The use of spatio-temporal analysis over multilayer perceptrons and support vector machines results proved to be very effective in predicting the distribution of arbovirus cases. The models indicate that the southern and western regions of Recife were very susceptible to outbreaks in the period under investigation. The proposed approach could be useful to support health managers and epidemiologists to prevent outbreaks of arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti and promote public policies for health promotion and sanitation

A review exploring the overarching burden of Zika virus with emphasis on epidemiological case studies from Brazil

This paper explores the main factors for mosquito-borne transmission of the Zika virus by focusing on environmental, anthropogenic, and social risks. A literature review was conducted bringing together related information from this genre of research from peer-reviewed publications. It was observed that environmental conditions, especially precipitation, humidity, and temperature, played a role in the transmission. Furthermore, anthropogenic factors including sanitation, urbanization, and environmental pollution promote the transmission by affecting the mosquito density. In addition, socioeconomic factors such as poverty as well as social inequality and low-quality housing have also an impact since these are social factors that limit access to certain facilities or infrastructure which, in turn, promote transmission when absent (e.g., piped water and screened windows). Finally, the paper presents short-, mid-, and long-term preventative solutions together with future perspectives. This is the first review exploring the effects of anthropogenic aspects on Zika transmission with a special emphasis in Brazil

Evaluation of the pharmacological activity of Pfaffia paniculata (Martius) Kuntze

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o efeito anti-inflamatório, antimicrobiano, antiprotozoário e possível ação sobre o sistema nervoso central (SNC) em ratos tratados com extrato hidroalcoólico de Pfaffia paniculata. Verificou-se atividade anti-inflamatória tanto in vivo, na dose de 100 mg/kg, como in vitro nas concentrações de 50 e 100 μg/mL. Porém, verificou-se efeito pró-inflamatório na dose de 200 mg/kg, pelo ensaio de pleurisia e de 200 μg/mL, pela quimiotaxia in vitro. Sugere-se potencial ação antimicrobiana frente a Staphylococcus aureus, nas concentrações de 250 e 500 mg/mL, com forma- ção de halo de inibição de 11 e 21 mm, respectivamente. Observou-se que o extrato de P. paniculata nas concentrações de 1, 10 e 50 μg/mL potencializou o crescimento de trofozoítos de Trichomonas vaginalis. Quanto aos ensaios sobre o SNC, verificou-se diminuição da ansiedade e aumento da atividade locomotora em animais tratados com doses de 125 e 250 mg/kg.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Secondary Endoleak Management Following TEVAR and EVAR.

Endovascular abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysm repair and are widely used to treat increasingly complex aneurysms. Secondary endoleaks, defined as those detected more than 30 days after the procedure and after previous negative imaging, remain a challenge for aortic specialists, conferring a need for long-term surveillance and reintervention. Endoleaks are classified on the basis of their anatomic site and aetiology. Type 1 and type 2 endoleaks (EL1 and EL2) are the most common endoleaks necessitating intervention. The management of these requires an understanding of their mechanics, and the risk of sac enlargement and rupture due to increased sac pressure. Endovascular techniques are the main treatment approach to manage secondary endoleaks. However, surgery should be considered where endovascular treatments fail to arrest aneurysm growth. This chapter reviews the aetiology, significance, management strategy and techniques for different endoleak types