Relapses or de-novo IgA nephropathy following COVID-19 vaccination; a narrative review

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is the most common type of glomerulonephritis worldwide characterized by excessive serum levels of glycosylated which triggers the generation of glycan-specific IgG and IgA autoantibodies. This pathological condition results in the formation of circulatory IgA immune complexes, which are essential for the development of glomerular inflammation, especially IgA nephropathy. The serum galactosylated IgA1, IgG, and IgA autoantibodies are suggested as the biomarkers of IgA nephropathy since IgA antibodies are early markers for disease activity too. Serum IgA antibodies emerged as the early COVID-19-specific antibody response about two days after initial symptoms of COVID-19 in comparison with IgG and IgM antibody concentrations, which appeared after five days. IgA nephropathy is frequently presented as microscopic or macroscopic hematuria and proteinuria with a male predominance. COVID-19 infection can include several organs aside from the lungs, such as kidneys through different mechanisms. It is demonstrated in most cases that short-lasting symptoms such as gross hematuria resolve either spontaneously or following a short course of steroids. This review summarized the reported cases of relapses or denovo reported cases of relapses or de-novo IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis following COVID-19 vaccination

Clinical Relevance of Faecal Calprotectin Level in Infantile Colic: A Cross-sectional Survey

Background: There is limited knowledge on the potential applicability of fecal calprotectin (f-CP) as an inflammatory screening parameter in infantile colic (IC). This study aimed to evaluate f-CP in neonates with IC as a useful diagnostic indicator regarding this condition. Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 cases, including 50 newborns with IC and 50 non-colicky neonates. The diagnosis of IC was fulfilled by the Wessel Criteria. The level of f-CP was determined by a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Calprotectin ELISA, EuroImmun, Germany). The statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 19).   Results: Out of 100 neonates, 57 cases were male and 43 subjects were female. The age spectrum ranged from 19-90 days (40.4±15.9). Colicky newborns were slightly younger (P=0.06) with higher birth weight compared to the infants without colic (