Images of postprocedural complications that could be prevented with an upper arm CV port.

<p>(<b>A</b>) <b>Catheter pinch-off syndrome and fracture. </b><i>Arrow</i> indicates a “pinched-off” and fractured site of a catheter. <i>Arrowheads</i> indicate the fractured distal catheter fragments that had migrated into the pulmonary artery through the heart. (<b>B</b>) <b>Catheter inversion.</b> Left panel, <i>Arrow</i> indicates a normal catheter placed centrally. Note that there is a sweep turning point at this puncture site that may cause tension derived from an elastic restoring force. Right panel, <i>Arrowheads</i> indicate the peripherally inverted distal portion of a catheter for the same case.</p

Proportion of Success and Complications.

†<p>Total parenteral nutrition was administered in all cases.</p

Real-time ultrasound-guided venipuncture.

<p>(<b>A</b>) <b>“Two-person method” and “one-person method.”</b> With the “two-person method,” the ultrasound-guidance step and the puncturing step are assigned separately to two operators. This can increase the success rate for beginners. (<b>B</b>) <b>Tips for puncture with the correct angle.</b> The axes between the probe and needle must be kept in one line.</p

Examples of anticipated preoperative difficulties with the procedure confirmed on CT scan images.

<p>(<b>A</b>) <b>SVC syndrome.. </b><i>Arrow</i> indicates the excluded SVC by a tumor. (<b>B</b>) <b>Tortuous collateral blood circulation.. </b><i>Arrows</i> indicate the contrast-enhanced tortuous collateral blood circulation attributable to a modification caused by surgery, radiation, or spontaneous occlusion.</p

Characteristics of the Patients.

<p>Characteristics of the Patients.</p

Preparation.

<p>(<b>A</b>) <b>Minimum specific materials for the procedure.</b> In this kit, a CV port/catheter, a dilator sheath, and a guide wire are supplied. For venipuncture, we use common peripheral intravenous catheters with appropriate lengths and gauge sizes through which a guide wire can be passed. In this kit, an 18-gauge needle is sufficient. In case of “Seldinger technique”-based kits, a 20- or 22-gauge needle might be sufficient because those guide wires are usually thinner than “peel-off sheath”-based kits. Further, commonly used materials such as surgical caps, masks, eye protection, sterile gloves, gowns, drapes, disinfectant sponges, gauzes, sutures with needles, scalpels, anesthetic syringes, and 1% or 2% lidocaine anesthetic solutions are also required (not shown). (<b>B</b>) <b>Arm position.</b> The patient should be asked to lie down in the supine position, which allows the upper limb to abduct, upper arm to rotate outward, forearm to supinate, and medial side of the arm to be upward for better demonstration of the basilic vein. The elbow should not be bent, and the forearm should not be pronated. (<b>C</b>) <b>Tips for applying the probe with the correct angle.</b> The probe should be applied at the correct angle.</p

Port Implantation.

<p>(<b>A</b>) <b>Skin incision.</b> A scalpel should be used to make a skin incision from 2 cm to the right to 2 cm to the left of the puncture point. This incision should be used later as the entrance for making a subcutaneous pocket with a forceps. (<b>B</b>) <b>Making a slit between the skin and wire.</b> The connective tissues between the skin and wire should be cut with a scalpel to make a slit a few millimeters long over the wire in the puncture point. (<b>C</b>) <b>The purpose of a slit.</b> Without this step, the catheter route will be shallower from the skin surface; subsequently, the risk of catheter exteriorization will increase.</p

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of microRNA-193a-3p is specifically down-regulated and acts as a tumor suppressor in BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer

Correlations between the microarray results and the qPCR results in a screening set (n = 30). The signal intensities obtained by microarray analysis were well correlated with the expression results determined by qPCR for a miR-193a-3p and b miR-16. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was presented. (PPTX 42 kb

Additional file 3: Figure S2. of microRNA-193a-3p is specifically down-regulated and acts as a tumor suppressor in BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer

Influence of a treatment with a BRAF inhibitor and a MEK inhibitor on miR-193a-3p expression. miR-193a-3p expression was measured in a BRAF-mutant cell line RKO (left panel) and a KRAS-mutant cell line HCT116 (right panel) treated with a BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (D-5699, LC laboratories, MA, USA) and a MEK inhibitor trametinib (16,292, Cayman Chemical Company, MI, USA) in multiple timepoints and multiple doses. Data are obtained from two independent experiments. (PPTX 138 kb

Additional file 1: Table S1. of microRNA-193a-3p is specifically down-regulated and acts as a tumor suppressor in BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer

Clinical characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer in this study. Table S2. Tumor response of patients with colorectal cancer who received anti-EGFR therapy based upon the miR-193a-3p expression status. Table S3. Tumor response of patients with KRAS/BRAF-wild-type colorectal cancer who received anti-EGFR therapy based upon the miR-193a-3p expression status. (DOCX 27 kb