Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide and High Glucose on the Glucose Metabolism of Lymphoma-derived U937 Cells

Our study aimed to clarify specific oxidative stress and glucose metabolic disorders in hemodialysis patients, by examining hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) - and high glucose-induced oxidative stress, glucose transport and the failure of glycolysis. As an in vitro blood cell model of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with diabetes, human monocytic U937 cells of malignant lymphoma origin were exposed to high glucose (28.9mM) for 6 days, with 5mM H2O2 added on the last day. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), glucose levels, lactate levels, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and Glut4 levels were examined. Exposure of U937 cells to H2O2 resulted in a significant increase in intracellular ROS generation and glucose levels. Under high glucose conditions, treatment with H2O2 significantly promoted these actions. In H2O2-induced U937 cells, AMPK activity and Glut4 levels were significantly increased, but lactate and pyruvate levels were significantly decreased. Thus, exposure of U937 cells to H2O2 and a high glucose load promoted an increase in intracellular ROS, and exposure to H2O2 induced increased glucose transport and high intracellular glucose due to reduced glycolytic metabolism. This suggests that reduced glycolytic metabolism might be induced in states of high oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients with diabetes

シャシンヨウ ソザイブンヤ ニ オケル Break-Through ノ ゲンセン ト カギ

今日,独創性の開発が望まれている.この観点から,新規写真システム商品開発の要件を実例から明らかにし,日本人がこれらを備えつつあることを示した.ついで,発明・発見に対する独創性について,分光増感剤分野のbreak-throughを調査し,外部環境,ニーズ,および創造性伝承の実態が重要であることを指適した.また,カプラーのbreak-throughを例にとり,これらのideaの扉を開いたmaster-keyがどのようにして生れたかを調査しその要件と態様を考察した.Today, development of creativity is desired. From this point of view, the requisites for the developments of unconventional Photo-graphic system products were made clear, and it was pointed out that the Japanese are acquiring the abilities to develope new products. Concerning the creativity required for invention and discovery, investigation was made regarding break-throughs in the field of spectral sensitizing dyes. And it was found that the enviroment, needs, and the experience enlightened by the practical ways of the creative people are important. Besides, taking the break-throughs of couplelrs as an example, such processes to find the master-keys were examined, which had opened the doors of ideas for break-throughs, and the required conditions to find master-keys were discussed. The foliowing points are summerized ; i) The master-key will be brought about by "reproductive imagination" which results from crossing association of a concept from personal favorite subjects acquired and a concept for the problem, or "constructive imagination" such as resonances～excitation phenomenal association. ii) The difference between the level of the master-key and the previous level of inventors or discoverers is not very large. In many cases, they are in a touch-and-go situation. iii) In the processes of finding the master-key, besides constructive imaginatio, the roles of reproductive imagination are unexpectedly large. iv) People who brought about break-throughs not only are excellent in imaginative ability, but also make efforts to concentrate them-selves, have endurance, and have enough experience as experts

セキ－キンセキガイ ソクテイヨウ ブンコウケイコウ コウドケイ ノ コウリョウシケイ シキソ ノ ケントウ

Spectrofluorophotometric quantum counter dye for fluorescent samples under excitation of light 600-700 nm wavelength range was investigated. Five kinds of cyanine, three of methylene blue and three of phthalocyanine dyes respectively, were provided for examination. As the results of characteristic measurements, we found that methylene blue trihydrate has most superior characteristics for absorption-fluorescent spectra and for stabirity. Measuring the fluorescent spectra of fluorescent samples (cyanine dye) under various exciting light intensities, using the methylene blue trihydrate for spectrofluorophotometric quantum counter dye, the practical accuracy of this quantum counter dye was proofed. Adjustment of the compensator of spectrofluorophotometer enabled us to measure corrected fluorescent spectrum until wavelength by 830 nm. Consequently, relative fluorescent quantum yields for samples such as cyanine dyes has become obtainable till nearinfrared wavelength range

PbSヒカリデンドウタイ ノ デンキョク ニ ヨル V-Iトクセイ ト ザツオントクセイ

Noise characteristics produced between electrodes and chemically deposited PbS Photoconductor surfaces were examined. After deposited, PbS films were oxidized under several annealing temperatures. Electrodes were formed with pasted materials such as gold or silver paste, C.C (colloidal carbon) and MAg (metallo organic Ag). 0bserved noises were mainly 1/f noises, and higher the oxidizing temperatures for PbS films. the value of noise becomes larger. More-over the magnitudes of noises were affected with the kind of electrode materials in the order relation of Au<Ag<C.C<MAg. To know the influence of surface contactness irregularity on noise characteristics. several measurements were executed.-(a)with using different particle size C.C electrode, -(b) changing roughness of the PbS surface by controlling the condition of PbS deposition. But little affection was observed on 1/f noise. From the measurement of V-I characteristics of PbS films there become evident that the 1/f noise become large with the order of non-ohmic contactness become large, that is the space charge limiting effect may be become predominant

ニシュルイ ノ コウリョウシケイシキソ オ モチイタ コウタイイキ ブンコウケイコウ コウドケイ ノ セイサク

Wide wavelength range spectrofluorophotometer, exchangeable for short (300～600 nm) and for long (485～825 nm) wavelength compensating channels, has been designed on the base of Shimazu RF-502 spectrofluorophotometer, using Rhodamine B and Methylene blue as quantum counter dyes. Making of compensator suitable for this system. and spectral energy correction on fluorescent spectrometer and on photomultipliyer by standard tungsten lamp have been examined. Moreover to connect personal computer with this wide wavelength range spectrofluorophotometer an input preamplifier and programs for data treatment were designed, and consequently real time operation become enabled. 0n the results of above experiments the wide wavelength spectrofluorophotometric measurements with highly accuracy has becom expected, comparing fluorescent samples having long wavelength spectrum such as cyanine dyes with that of short wave characteristics having well known fluorescent quantum yield