Endoskopsko liječenje krvarenja iz gastroezofagusnih varikoziteta

Current concepts of endoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage are discussed. There are two major endoscopic treatments of gastroesophageal varices: endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL). EIS and EVL alone are equally effective in controlling acute variceal bleeding; however, EVL is superior to EIS because it achieves variceal obliteration faster and with a lower rate of complications and rebleeding. Considering combined technique of EVL and EIS, it appears that initial EVL followed by long-term EIS on later sessions, when banded varices have become smaller, probably is a wiser approach for safe and long-lasting variceal eradication. Histoacryl as a tissue glue is the only endoscopic treatment that has been proved to be effective for gastric varices. The use of endoscopic clips alone in the treatment of varices remains uncommon. The role of endoscopic ultrasound increases in the evaluation of portal hypertension, and it may gain a role in choosing an optimal treatment approach for individual patients.Prikazane su suvremene mogućnosti endoskopskog liječenja krvarenja iz gastroezofagusnih varikoziteta. Dva su glavna načina endoskopskog liječenja gastroezofagusnih varikoziteta: endoskopska injekcijska skleroterapija i endoskopska ligacija varikoziteta. Endoskopska skleroterapija i ligacija varikoziteta kao samostalne metode podjednako su učinkovite u zaustavljanju akutnog krvarenja iz varikoziteta, no endoskopska ligacija varikoziteta bolja je metoda u odnosu na skleroterapiju jer se njome obliteracija varikoziteta postiže brže i u manjem broju tretmana te s manjim brojem komplikacija. Glede kombinacije ligacije i skleroterapije, inicijalna ligacija, a potom postupci skleroterapije kad podvezani varikoziteti postanju manji, vjerojatno je prikladniji postupak za sigurno i dugotrajno iskorjenjivanje varikoziteta. Obliteracija varikoziteta Histoacrylom jedini je potvrđen i djelotvoran način endoskopskog liječenja varikoziteta želuca. Upotreba endoskopskih klipsa kao samostalan način liječenja još uvijek nije preporučljiva. Uloga endoskopskog ultrazvuka u procjeni portalne hipertenzije raste, a isti može steći ulogu u odabiru najboljeg pristupa liječenju svakog bolesnika pojedinačno

Plant Diversity of Gornji Kamenjak (Istria, Croatia)

The vascular flora of Significant Landscape Gornji Kamenjak in Istria was investigated in different vegetation periods from 2012 to 2013, and a total of 507 plant taxa (468 species and 39 subspecies) were recorded. Part of them werw previously registered, while some are recorded for the first time. The studied area was poorly investigated in the past, therefore there was a need for this study, representing a very detailed floristic survey of the area. The most dominant families were grasses (Poaceae, 11.8%), legumes (Fabaceae, 10.6%), daisies (Asteraceae, 6.5%) and mints (Lamiaceae, 5.5%). The domination of therophytes (37.0%) indicates that the climate of Gornji Kamenjak shows a high influence of the Mediterranean climate, followed by hemicryptophytes (30.8%) and geophytes (12.6%). We recorded a total of 11 invasive species across the whole investigated area, as well as the occurrence of 15 endangered and 13 endemic plant taxa. The results of our research of autochthonous vascular flora indicate high richness and diversity of plant species in the studied area

WOMEN IN SPORT (GENDER EQUALITY IN SPORT, MEDIA AND PUBLIC RELATIONS IN SPORT)

Sport je jedan od najvažnijih svjetskih resursa i neizostavan dio međunarodne kulture. Muškarci i žene sudjeluju u većini sportova: od nogometa, košarke, boksa do ekstremnih sportova. Cilj je ovoga rada istražiti rodnu ravnopravnost u mnogim vidovima sporta: od jednakih plaća i sponzorskih ugovora do stipendija kao državne potpore talentiranim sportašima i sportašicama. U radu je prezentiran teorijski okvir definiranja sporta i njegova značaja. Obrađen je medijski odnos prema sportu i naglašena simbioza između sporta i medija. Rad je fokusiran na žene u sportu i njihov napredak prema rodnoj ravnopravnosti. Rodna ravnopravnost važna je u svim sportskim djelatnostima: od sudjelovanja i trenerskih pozicija do uprave. Napravljena je analiza rezultata ankete na reprezentativnom uzorku od 201 ispitanika. Anketom se propitivalo o praćenju sporta i ključnim pitanjima o jednakosti u izboru sporta, o medijskoj pozornosti, jednakim plaćama i sponzorskim ugovorima do predrasuda prema ženskim sportašicama i trajanju karijere te praćenju ženskoga nogometa s obzirom na rast popularnosti ovoga sportaSport is one of the world’s most important resources and an indispensable part of international culture. Men and women participate in most sports from football, basketball, boxing to extreme sports. The aim of this paper is to research gender equality in many aspects of sport, from equal pay, sponsorship agreements, to scholarships as state support to talented athletes. The paper presents a theoretical framework for defining sport and its significance. The media attitude towards sports is discussed and the symbiosis relationship between sports and the media is emphasized. The focus of the paper is on women in sports and their progress towards gender equality in all sports activities from participation, coaching positions to management. An analysis of the results of the survey was done. The survey was conducted on a representative sample of 201 respondents. The questionnaire was on sports monitoring and key issues on equality in the choice of sports, media attention, equal pay and sponsorship agreements as well as on prejudice against female athletes and career duration and monitoring of women’s football given the growing popularity of the sport

FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF THE POSITION OF WOMEN IN B&H WITH A SHORT REFERENCE TO THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS MOVEMENTS

Artikulacija ženskih interesa u Bosni i Hercegovini započela je osnivanjem ženskih društava u vrijeme austrougarske uprave i nastavljena je u okviru prve Jugoslavije. Ključan aspekt feminizma u Socijalističkoj Federativnoj Republici Jugoslaviji očituje se u feminističkome marksizmu i teorijskome radu, ponajviše Blaženke Despot i Žarane Papić. One su dale velik prinos feminističkoj naraciji u okviru socijalističkoga samoupravljanja. Pod utjecajem aktualnih feminističkih gibanja i u BiH u to doba prepoznaje se aktivnije djelovanja žena. Unatoč krutim patrijarhalnim normama i društvu koje se teško nosilo s nazočnošću žena u javnome prostoru pojavljuju se žene na pozicijama ravnateljica škola i urednica novinâ. Tako su žene u BiH formalnopravnu izjednačenost uspjele ostvariti u okviru socijalističke Jugoslavije. Pedesetak godina poslije u samostalnoj i neovisnoj BiH usvojeno je više zakona i institucionalnih mehanizama kojima se nije postigla očekivana ravnopravnost žena u praksi. Naime raskorak između primjene i učinka pozitivnih zakonskih propisa upućuje na ključan utjecaj patrijarhalnoga naslijeđa koje uvjetuje subordinaciju žena. Time se potvrđuje činjenica da je društveno-politički položaj žene neodvojiv od privatne sfere. Mjesto i uloga žene u BiH velikim su dijelom određeni religijskim ili etičkim običajima i normama. Takve se norme teško mijenjanju i otežavaju ženama da utječu na promjene kojima bi ostvarile stvarnu ravnopravnost. Nakon više od desetljeća postojanja novoga ženskog pokreta (iako neki smatraju da u BiH ne postoji ženski pokret) i unatoč njegovoj slabosti i podijeljenosti primjetni su ipak i određeni pozitivni pomaci.The articulation of the feminine interests in Bosnia and Herzegovina started during the Austro-Hungarian rule when the first women’s societies were established. It continued to exist during the first Yugoslavia. The key aspect of the feminist movement in Socialist Federal Republic Yugoslavia was to be seen in feminist marxism and theoretical works mostly done by Blaženka Despot and Žarana Papić. They contributed largely to the feminist narration during the socialist self-management. Under the influence of the ongoing feminist movements active engagement of women was present also in Bosnia and Herzegovina Despite rigid patriarchal norms and despite the society that hardly bore the presence of women in the public space women appeared at the positions of school principals and newspaper editors. That is how women in B&H gained formal and legal equality during socialist Yugoslavia. Some fifty years later in the independent Bosnia and Herzegovina a few laws and institutional mechanisms were passed but through them the equality of women was not achieved in the practice as it had been expected. Namely a gap between the application and effect of the positive laws points to the fundamental influence of the patriarchal heritage which conditions female subordination. This confirms the fact that the social and political position of a woman is unseparable from the private sphere. The position and the role of a women in Bosnia and Herzegovina are largely conditioned by the religious and ethical habits and norms. It is difficulty to change such norms. These norms make it harder for women to influence the changes that would help them achieve the real equality. After more than a decade of women’s rights movement in Bosnia and Herzegovina (although it is claimed by some people that there is no feminist movement in B&H) and despite its weaknesses and divisions some positive moves have been noticed

Soil reaction_ a crucial preconditions for choosing horticultural plants

Da bismo vanjski prostor što ljepše i ekonomičnije uredili, potrebno je dobro poznavati tlo i biljku, ali i sve one čimbenike koji na njih utječu. Oblikovanje prostora, bilo da se radi o okućnici ili bilo kojem drugom segmentu krajolika: voćnjaku, vinogradu, povrtnjaku, cvjetnjaku ili travnjaku, a to znači hortikulturi u njezinom punom značenju, zahtijeva pomno planiranje i pripremu. Jedan od vrlo važnih čimbenika u pripremi tla je dobro poznavanje reakcije tla (pH). Reakcija tla značajno utječe na primanje svih hraniva, a varira ovisno o potrebama kultura od kiselog do alkalnog. Cilj ovog rada je detaljno obraditi potrebe pojedinih ukrasnih vrsta za reakcijom tla, koristeći rezultate terenskih istraživanja i uspoređujući ih s navodima u literaturi. U tu svrhu korištene su kemijske analize (reakcija tla u 1M KCl) koje je proveo Zavod za ishranu bilja, Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, uz vizualno praćenje u okolišu. Prema dobivenim rezultatima istraživanja 47% od ukupno 131 očitanog uzorka spada u neutralna tla (D). U alkalna tla (E) spada 37%, u slabo kisela (C) spada 11%, u kisela tla (B) 5 %, a u kategoriju jako kiselih tala (A) ušao je samo jedan uzorak. Stoga rezultati naših istraživanja ukazuju da često puta navodi u literaturi za pojedine ukrasne vrste nisu apsolutno primjenjivi u datim okolnostima, odnosno da su primjenjivi uz manje ili veće korekcije. Općenito se za krajobrazno uređenje individualnih i javnih površina preporuča slabo kisela do neutralna reakcija tla (5,5,-7,2 – CD), jer većina ukrasnog bilja uspješno raste u tom rasponu. Za vrste koje više vole ekstremnu pH reakciju tla, potrebno je provesti korekciju primjenom adekvatnih gnojiva ili supstrata. Tako se Erica sp. i Rhododendron sp. preporučuju za jako kisela i kisela tla (pH 4,0-5,5 – AB) dok za slabo kisela tla (5,5-6,5 – C) predlažemo Abies sp., Cupressus sp., Juniperus sp., Pinus sp., te trave. Za kiselo tlo (4,5-5,5 – B) predlažemo Hydrangeu (plavu), Ilex sp., te Picea sp. Za slabo kiselo i neutralno tlo (5,5-7,2 – CD) Chrysanthemum sp., Magnolia sp., Quercus sp., Rosa sp. i Hedera sp. Neutralna reakcija (6,5-7,2 – D) optimalna je za rodove Chamaecyparis i Prunus. Za tla neutralne i alkalne reakcije (6,5-7,2 – DE) predlažemo nešto veći broj vrsta iz rodova Acer, Araucaria, Buxus, Crataegus, Forsythia, Hydrangea (roza i bijela), Lavandula, Thuja, te Vinca. Širok raspon reakcije tla (5,5-7,5 – CDE) podnose vrste iz roda Carpinus, Cedrus, Corylus, Cotinus, Cotoneaster i Taxus.Economy and aesthetic quality of landscaping require a good knowledge of soil and plant, but also of all the factors that affect them. Landscaping, wether a private holding or any other segment of the landscape: orchard, vineyard, vegetable garden, flower garden or lawn, which means horticulture in the full sense of the word, requires careful planning and preparation. One of the very important factors in soil preparation is a good understanding of soil reaction (pH). Soil reaction has a strong influence on all nutrients uptake and varies, dependending on crop requirements, from acid to alkaline. The aim of this paper is to deal in detail with the soil reaction requirements of particular ornamental species, using the results of field research and comparing them with the literature reports. For this purpose, use was made of the chemical analyses (soil reaction in 1M KCl) made in the Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, along with visual monitoring in the landscape. According to the research results, 47% of the 131 analyzed samples are neutral soils (D), 37% alkaline soils (E), 11% weakly acid soils (C), 5% acid soils (B), while only one sample belongs to the category of very acid soils (A). Hence our results show that literature reports for particular ornamental species are often not absolutely applicable in the given conditions, or that their application requires certain corrections. Weakly acid to neutral soil reaction (5,5-7,2 – CD) is generally recommended for landscape planning of individual and public areas, because most ornamental plants grow well within this range. For species that prefer extreme pH reaction of the soil, corrections should be made by applying adequate fertilizers or substrates. Thus, Erica sp. and Rhododendron sp. are recommended for very acid and acid soils (pH 4,0-5,5 – AB) while we suggest Abies sp., Cupressus sp., Juniperus sp., Pinus sp., and grasses for weakly acid soils (5,5-6,5 – C). Hydrangea (blue), Ilex sp., and Picea sp. are recommended for acid soils (4,5-5,5 – B). Chrysanthemum sp., Magnolia sp., Quercus sp., Rosa sp. and Hedera sp. are recommended for weakly acid and neutral soils (5,5-7,2 – CD). Neutral reaction (6,5-7,2 – D) is optimal for genera Chamaecyparis and Prunus. A larger number of species from the genera Acer, Araucaria, Buxus, Crataegus, Forsythia, Hydrangea (pink and white), Lavandula, Thuja, and Vinca are recommended for soils of neutral and alkaline reaction (6,5-7,2 – DE). Species of the genera Carpinus, Cedrus, Corylus, Cotinus, Cotoneaster and Taxus tolerate a wide range of soil reaction (5,5-7,5 – CDE)

AUTOCHTONOUS FLORA OF JAZBINA EXPERIMENT STATION IN ZAGREB

Pokušalište Jazbina, znanstveno-nastavni poligon Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, smješteno je na obroncima Zagrebačke gore. Samonikla vaskularna flora vinograda i voćnjaka Jazbine istraživana je po prvi puta. Tijekom vegetacijske sezone 2005. zabilježeno je ukupno 112 biljnih svojti (109 vrsta i 3 podvrste) koje pripadaju u 27 porodica. Najbrojnije porodice su: Asteraceae (19 vrsta), Poaceae (17 vrsta) i Fabaceae (15 vrsta i 1 podvrsta). U spektru životnih oblika prevladavaju hemikriptofiti (53,57%), a slijede terofiti (33,04%). Fitogeografska analiza pokazala je dominaciju biljaka koje pripadaju europsko-azijskom flornom elementu (33,04%) i biljaka široke rasprostranjenosti (31,25%). Na istraživanom području Jazbine zabilježeno je i pet invazivnih vrsta (Amaranthus retroflexus, Chamomilla suaveolens, Erigeron annuus, Solidago canadensis i Veronica persica).Jazbina Experiment Station, a research and teaching testing site of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, is located on southern slopes of Zagrebačka gora. Autochthonous vascular flora of vineyards and orchards of Jazbina was researched for the first time. During the vegetational season of 2005, a total of 112 plant taxa (109 species and 3 subspecies) belonging to 27 families were recorded. The most numerous were families Asteraceae (19 species), Poaceae (17 species) and Fabaceae (15 species and one subspecies). In the spectrum of life forms the most dominant are Hemicryptophyta (53,57%), followed by Therophyta (33,04%). Phytogeographical analysis showed dominanation of plants belonging to the European-Asian floral element (33,04%) and widespread plants (31,25%). In the researched area of Jazbina five invasive species were found (Amaranthus retroflexus, Chamomilla suaveolens, Erigeron annuus, Solidago canadensis and Veronica persica)

Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology

Proceedings of the 12th Conference of Sport and Quality of Life 2019 gatheres submissions of participants of the conference. Every submission is the result of positive evaluation by reviewers from the corresponding field. Conference is divided into sections – Analysis of human movement; Sport training, nutrition and regeneration; Sport and social sciences; Active ageing and sarcopenia; Strength and conditioning training; section for PhD students