LT₅₀ of <i>G</i>. <i>mellonella</i> larvae at 37°C after inoculation with <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> isogenic mutant ^#.

<p>LT₅₀ of <i>G</i>. <i>mellonella</i> larvae at 37°C after inoculation with <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> isogenic mutant ^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0184557#t003fn001" target="_blank">#</a>}.</p

Assessment of the virulence of clinical and food isolates of <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i>.

<p>Parallel testing of the clinical isolates of <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> (A) LS660 (designated with gray square) and food pairs isolated from chicken salad LS661 (designated with black square) and celery (□), (B) LS414 (designated with black square) and food pair isolated from coleslaw LS413 (designated with white square), (C) LS412 (designated with black square) and food pair isolated from cheese LS411 (designated with white square) at the doses of 10⁴, 10⁵ and 10⁶ CFU/larva, a > b (P<0.05).</p

Change of <i>Listeria</i> population following inoculation^*.

<p>Change of <i>Listeria</i> population following inoculation^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0184557#t002fn001" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p

Comparison of virulence of <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> isogenic mutants in <i>G</i>. <i>mellonella</i>.

<p>Comparison between wild type <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> strain LS1209 (designated with black square) and isogenic mutants with deletion in <i>prfA</i> LS496 (designated with white square) <i>hly</i> LS1212 (designated with light gray square), <i>plcA</i> LS1210 (designated with dark gray square), <i>plcB</i> LS1211 (designated with dark upward diagonal square) and <i>actA</i> LS1213 (designated with dark narrow horizontal square) in larvae infected at the doses of at the doses of (A) 10⁶ CFU/larva (B) 10⁵ CFU/larva, (C) 10⁴ CFU/larva > b >c (P<0.05). Presented results are average of three independent trials.</p

Comparison of the virulence potential of clinical and food isolates of <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> strains related to listeriosis outbreaks with invasive and non-invasive (gastroenteritis) symptoms.

<p>Parallel testing of the clinical isolates of the same serotype related to non-invasive (LS405 –designated with black square and LS403- designated with dark gray square) and invasive (LS740-designated with white square and LS414-designated with light gray square) outbreaks at the inoculum concentrations of 10⁶CFU/larva (6A), 10⁵ CFU/larva (6B) and 10⁴ CFU/larva (6C); Paired food isolates related to non-invasive (LS404- designated with black square and LS402- designated with dark gray square) and invasive (LS670- designated with white square and LS413- designated with light gray square) outbreaks have also been compared at the inoculum concentrations of 10⁶CFU/larva (6A1), 10⁵CFU/larva (6B1) and 10⁴CFU/larva (6C1); a < b (P<0.05), c < d (P<0.05).</p

<i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> isogenic mutants with deletion in <i>inlA</i>, <i>inlB</i> and <i>inlAB</i> in <i>Galleria</i>.

<p>Mortality of larvae infected with the wild type <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> strain LS1209 (designated with black square) and isogenic mutants with deletion in <i>inlB</i> LS1214 (designated with white square), <i>inlAB</i> LS 1215 (designated with light gray square) and <i>inlA</i> LS1222 (designated with dark gray square) at the doses of (A) 10⁶ CFU/larva (B) 10⁵ CFU/larva, (C) 10⁴ CFU/larva, a > b (P<0.05). Presented results are average of three independent trials.</p

Comparison between wild type <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> and deletion mutants in <i>virR</i> and <i>virS</i> genes in <i>Galleria</i> model.

<p>Virulence of the wild type strain LS1223 (designated with white square), <i>virR</i> LS1224 (designated with black square) and <i>virS</i> LS1225 (designated with gray square) at the doses of (A) 10⁶CFU/larva (B) 10⁵CFU/larva, (C) 10⁴CFU/larva, a > b (P< 0.05).</p

LT₅₀ values for non-pathogenic and pathogenic <i>Listeria</i> spp. employed in this study^*.

<p>LT₅₀ values for non-pathogenic and pathogenic <i>Listeria</i> spp. employed in this study^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0184557#t001fn001" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p

LT₅₀ of <i>G</i>. <i>mellonella</i> larvae after inoculation with <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> isolates^* related to the major listeriosis outbreaks^**.

<p>LT₅₀ of <i>G</i>. <i>mellonella</i> larvae after inoculation with <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> isolates^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0184557#t004fn001" target="_blank">*</a>} related to the major listeriosis outbreaks^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0184557#t004fn002" target="_blank">**</a>}.</p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of An advanced bioinformatics approach for analyzing RNA-seq data reveals sigma H-dependent regulation of competence genes in Listeria monocytogenes

Genes identified as differentially expressed between L. monocytogenes overexpressing sigH (10403S::ΔsigBCHL P rha -sigH) and a ΔsigBCHL control strain, based on the RNA-seq coverage data calculated for complete ORFs. (DOCX 15 kb