UJI FITOKIMIA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KASAR ETANOL, FRAKSI n-HEKSANA, ETIL ASETAT DAN METANOL DARI BUAH LABU AIR (Lagenari siceraria (Molina) Standl)

Phytochemical test and Antibacterial Activity test in each fraction of the gourds fruit (Lagenari siceraria (Molina) Standl) that came from Teluk Dalam, Tenggarong Seberang have been done. The sample of leaves was extracted with ethanol and then concentrated by using rotary evaporator. The ethanol crude extract was fractioned with n-hexane, Ethyl Acetate and Methanol. Based on the phytochemical test on secondary metabolits of the gourds fruit (Lagenari siceraria (Molina) Standl), it showed that ethanol crude extract contained flavonoid, saponin, steroid, and phenol. n-hexane fraction contained a steroid, ethyl acetate fraction contained phenol. And methanol-water fraction contained saponin and phenol. Based on the Antibacterial Activity test using the paper disc diffusion method (diameter 6 mm), the  results of this test showed that the most active fraction is n-Heksana with : of the Bacillus cereus bacteria at the concentration 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% (b/v) with inhibition diameter 9.57, 9.88, 10.17, 12.18, 13 and 14.3 mm respectively so minimum inhibitory concentration got 0-1%. The active response toward Salmonella typhi bacteria at the concentration 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% (b/v) with inhibition diameter 7.50, 7.60, 8.20, 8.38, 8.87, and 9.8 mm so minimum inhibitory concentration got 0-1%. The chloramphenicol antibiotics concentration 0.00386 M as a standard to inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi bacteria with the inhibition diameter 12.58 mm and 15.06 mm respectively

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Rimpang Kunyi Putih (Kaempferia rotunda L.) terhadap Streptococcus sobrinus dan Salmonella typhi

An infectious disease caused by bacteria is a disease that often occurs in tropical areas. The used of plant extract is an interesting object of study to overcome these infectious diseases and because of an increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics. White turmeric rhizome widely used by Indonesia society as an herb which has been used for the treatment of diarrhea and abdominal pain. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolities and inhibitory of white turmeric rhizome (Kaempferia rotunda L.) against Streptococcus sobrinus KCCM 11898 and Salmonella typhi ATCC 422 bacteria. The results of phytochemical screening white turmeric rhizome contained compound triterpenoids, steroids, phenolics, and saponins. An antibacterial activity test used agar diffusion method against Streptococcus sobrinus KCCM 11898 and Salmonella typhi ATCC 422 bacteria. Antibacterial activity white turmeric rhizome (Kaempferia rotunda L.) with concentration 1, 2, 4, 8% have an inhibition zone diameter against Streptococcus sobrinus KCCM 11898 bacteria is 10.33, 10.67, 17 and 25.17 mm respectively with the antibacterial strength is strong, meanwhile in Salmonella typhi ATCC 422 bacteria have an inhibition zone diameter was 8, 8.3, 11.83 and 13 mm respectively with the antibacterial strength is intermediate. Keywords: Antibacterial, White Turmeric Rhizome (Kaempferia rotunda L.), Agar Difussio

PHYTOCHEMICAL TEST AND TOXICITY (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) IN ETHANOL EXTRACT, ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION AND RESIDUAL ETHANOL FRACTION OF AJERAN LEAVES (Bidens pilosa L.)

Phytochemical test and toxicity in ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and residual ethanol fraction of ajeran leaves (Bidens pilosa L.) has been done. The method used to determine secondary metabolites is clualitative test and the value of Lethal Concentration (LC50) with the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Phytochemical test results showed that the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction contained flavonoid, steroid and phenol compound. Residual ethanol fraction contained flavonoid and phenol compound. Toxicity test showed ethanol extract had LC50 value of 862.19 ppm. Ethyl acetate fraction has LC50 value of 8.26 ppm. Residual ethanol fraction had LC50 value of 275.24 ppm. The results of the toxicity test can be concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction very toxic category, ethanol extract and residual ethanol fraction included toxic category. The results that obtained from GC-MS characterization were steroidUji fitokimia dan toksisitas pada ekstrak etanol, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi etanol sisa dari daun ajeran (Bidens pilosa L.) telah dilakukan. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan senyawa metabolit sekunder adalah uji warna dan nilai Lethal Concentration (LC50) dengan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etil asetat mengandung senyawa flavonoid, steroid dan fenolik. Fraksi etanol sisa mengandung senyawa Flavonoid dan fenolik. Uji toksisitas menunjukkan pada ekstrak etanol memiliki nilai LC50 sebesar 862,19 ppm. Fraksi etil asetat memiliki nilai LC50 sebesar 8,26 ppm. Pada fraksi etanol sisa memiliki nilai LC50 ­sebesar 275,24 ppm. Hasil uji toksisitas dapat disimpulkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat termasuk kategori sangat toksik, ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etanol sisa termasuk kategori toksik. Hasil karakterisasi dengan GC-MS diperoleh senyawa steroi

TEST OF AMYLASE INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF Melicope PLANTS WHICH POTENTIAL AS ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS

The test of amylase inhibition activity of the leaves of Melicope lunu-ankenda and bark of Melicope glabra (BI.) T.G. Hartley extracts were done. The objective of this study was to determine in-vitro α-amylase inhibition activity against two samples by DNS method. The result showed that two samples of Melicope lunu-ankenda leaves and bark of Melicope glabra (BI.) TG Hartley displayed the enzyme inhibitory effect with percent inhibitions of 48.71% and 46.36%. Two sample extracts can inhibit amylase. It can be suggested that about sample were potential as antidiabetic agents

SINTESIS SURFAKTAN DIETANOLAMIDA DARI METIL ESTER MINYAK BIJI BUNGA MATAHARI (Helianthus annuus. L) MELALUI REAKSI AMIDASI

Synthesis of dietanolamide surfactant from methyl ester of sunflower seed oil (Helianthus annuus. L) has been carried out through an amidation reaction. In the extraction process showed the oil content of sunflower seeds was 32.93% with an acid number of 3.25 mg KOH/g and ALB levels of 1.63%. Sunflower seed oil was then converted to methyl ester through the esterification process and obtained an acid number 1.84 mg KOH/g so that the ALB level dropped to 0.92% and obtained saponification numbers of 61.19 mg KOH/g. The most dominant composition of methyl ester of sunflower seed oil based on GC-MS analysis was methyl oleate at 23.28%. The FT-IR methyl ester spectrum gives a specific absorption peak for group C=O ester at wave number 1743 cm-1. Methyl esters are converted to diethanolamide through an amidation process. The resulting diethanolamide has an acid number of 9.7 mg KOH/g and a saponification number of 3.08 mg KOH/g. The FT-IR spectrum provides specific absorption peaks for groups C=O amides at wave numbers 1622 cm-1. The value of HLB dietanolamide in practice is 13.6495 and in theory is 14.291 which includes the surfactant in the oil in water (O/W) emulsifying class. Keyword : sunflower seed oil, esterification, amidation, dietanolamideTelah dilakukan sintesis surfaktan dietanolamida dari metil ester minyak biji bunga matahari (Helianthus annuus. L) melalui reaksi amidasi. Pada proses ekstraksi menunjukkan kandungan minyak biji bunga matahari sebesar 32,93% dengan bilangan asam 3,25 mg KOH/g dan kadar ALB 1,63%. Minyak biji bunga matahari kemudian dikonversi menjadi metil ester melalui proses esterifikasi dan diperoleh bilangan asam 1,84 mg KOH/g sehingga kadar ALB turun menjadi 0,92% serta diperoleh bilangan penyabunan sebesar 61,19 mg KOH/g. Komposisi metil ester minyak biji bunga matahari yang paling dominan berdasarkan analisa GC-MS adalah metil oleat sebesar 23,28%. Spektrum FT-IR metil ester memberikan puncak serapan yang spesifik untuk gugus C=O ester pada bilangan gelombang 1743 cm-1. Metil ester dikonversi menjadi dietanolamida melalui proses amidasi. Dietanolamida yang dihasilkan memiliki bilangan asam sebesar 9,7 mg KOH/g dan bilangan penyabunan sebesar 3,08 mg KOH/g. Spektrum FT-IR memberikan puncak serapan yang spesifik untuk gugus C=O amida pada bilangan gelombang 1622 cm-1. Nilai HLB dietanolamida secara praktik sebesar 13,6495 dan secara teori sebesar 14,291 yang termasuk surfaktan golongan pengemulsi oil in water (O/W). Kata Kunci : minyak biji bunga matahari, esterifikasi, amidasi, dietanolamid

Respon Vasodilatasi Ekstrak Metanol Daun Macaranga lamellata Whitmore Secara In Vitro

The research about in vitro vasodilatation response of methanol extract of Macaranga lamellata whitmore leaves was carried out. This research was conducted to determine the vasodilatation response of methanol extract of Macaranga lamellata Whitmore leaves on changes in aortic tone of  Wistar rat. The methods used include the in vitro methods by using separated aortic organ of  Wistar rat. Methanol extract were given cumulatively in bath organs. Positive control is used methacholine and negative control is used DMSO solvent. T-test statistical was done to determine the significant differences between groups. Phytochemical test results showed that total methanol extract contained alkaloids, polyphenol, steroids, flavonoids and saponins. Percentage change in aortic tone by using methanol extract concentration of 0.3; 1 and 3 mg/mL respectively were -7.422%; -9.641% and -10.593%. Methanol extract of Macaranga lamellata Whitmore leaves have antihypertensive potential.   Keywords: Antihypertensive, Aortic, In vitro, Macaranga lamellata Whitmore, Vasodilatatio

SYNTHESIS OF MALEIL ACETATE THROUGH ESTERIFICATION REACTIONS OF MALIC ACID USING ANHYDRATE ACETATE

Research has been carried out on the synthesis of maleil acetate through esterification reactions of malic acid using anhydrate acetate. Esterification of malic acid was carried out with a ratio of anhydrate acetate 1:2 to produce maleil acetate with a yield of 72.08%. The formed maleil acetate then characterizes using the FT-IR instrument. The result of FT-IR analysis which will indicate that maleil acetate has formed is that the hydroxyl group from malic acid has been converted into an ester group from the esterification reaction. The wave number of the hydroxyl group of malic acid is 3448.72 cm-1 and the ester group is the result of an esterification reaction at wave number 1735.93 cm-1, indicating that maleil acetate has been formed.Research has been carried out on the synthesis of maleil acetate through esterification reactions of malic acid using anhydrate acetate. Esterification of malic acid was carried out with a ratio of anhydrate acetate 1:2 to produce maleil acetate with a yield of 72.08%. The formed maleil acetate then characterizes using the FT-IR instrument. The result of FT-IR analysis which will indicate that maleil acetate has formed is that the hydroxyl group from malic acid has been converted into an ester group from the esterification reaction. The wave number of the hydroxyl group of malic acid is 3448.72 cm-1 and the ester group is the result of an esterification reaction at wave number 1735.93 cm-1, indicating that maleil acetate has been formed

POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL MENIRAN (Phyllanthus niruri L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus sobrinus DAN Salmonella typhi

Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) is one of the herb plants used as traditional medicine, such as toothache medicine and diarrhea medicine. The purposed of this study was to determined the type of secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract of meniran herb and to determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the ethanol extract of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) to Streptococcus sobrinus KCCM 11898 and Salmonella typhi ATCC 422. The ethanol extract of meniran was tested for phytochemicals. The MIC value of the ethanol extract of meniran herb for the test bacteria was obtained by varying the concentration of the ethanol extract of meniran herbs. Phytochemical test results showed that the ethanol extract of meniran herbs contains alkaloids, phenolics and steroids. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of the ethanol extract of meniran herb at the bacteria Streptococcus sobrinus KCCM 11898 and Salmonella typhi ATCC 422 each was 0.625%. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri L, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Streptococcus sobrinus KCCM 11898, Salmonella typhi  ATCC 42

EFEK ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK BUNGA PACING PUTIH (Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli

This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the antibacterial activity of crude ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, methanol:water fraction and n-hexane fraction of white pacing flower (Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm.). Sample preparation was carried out using the extraction method, namely maceration with 96% ethanol and obtained a crude extract of ethanol and continued by partition by liquid-liquid extraction method and obtained the n-hexane, the ethyl acetate, and the methanol:water fractions. The antibacterial activity test was carried out on the four samples using the well diffusion method with modification against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The antibacterial activity test showed activity in the crude extract of ethanol with an inhibition zone diameter of 7.7 mm.   Keyword: white pacing, antibacterial, Escherichia col