Using BIM capabilities to improve existing building energy modelling practices

Purpose - This paper presents a review of the implications Building Information Modelling (BIM) is having on the building energy performance modelling (BEM) and design of buildings. It addresses the issues surrounding exchange of information throughout the design process, and where BIM may be useful in contributing to effective design progression and information availability. Design/methodology/approach - Through review of current design procedures and examination of the concurrency between architectural and thermophysical design modelling, a procedure for in- formation generation relevant to design stakeholders is created, and applied to a high-performance building project currently under development. Findings - The extents of information key to the successful design of a buildings energy performance in relation to its architectural objectives are given, with indication of the Level of Development (LOD) required at each stage of the design process. Practical Implications - BIM offers an extensible medium for parametric information storage, and its implementation in design development suggests the capability for inclusion of building performance data integration. The extent of information required for accurate BEM at stages of a building’s design is defined to assist comprehensive recording of performance information in a BIM environment. Originality/value - This paper contributes to the discussion around the integration of concurrent design procedures and a Common Data Environment (CDE). It presents a framework for the creation and dissemination of information during design, exemplifies this on a real building project and evaluates the barriers experienced in successful implementation

Analysis of basic building performance data for identification of performance issues

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the use of historical building performance data to identify potential issues with the build quality and operation of a building, as a means of narrowing the scope of in-depth further review. Design/methodology/approach – The response of a room to the difference between internal and external temperature is used to demonstrate patterns in thermal response across monitored rooms in a single building, to clearly show where rooms are under-performing in terms of their ability to retain heat during unconditioned hours. This procedure is applied to three buildings of different types, identifying the scope and limitation of this method, and indicating areas of building performance deficiency. Findings – The response of a single space to changing internal and external temperature can be used to determine whether it responds differently to other monitored buildings. Spaces where thermal bridging and changes in use from design were encountered exhibit noticeably different responses. Research limitations/implications – Application of this methodology is limited to buildings where temperature monitoring is undertaken both internally for a variety of spaces and externally, and where knowledge of the uses of monitored spaces is available. Naturally ventilated buildings would be more suitable for analysis using this method. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the understanding of building energy performance from a data-driven perspective, to knowledge on the disparity between building design intent and reality, and the use of basic commonly recorded performance metrics for analysis of potentially detrimental building performance issues

Attributing in-use building performance data to an as-built building information model for lifecycle building performance management

The construction industry is moving towards a holistic design environment facilitated by Building Information Modelling (BIM), where information generated during design can be used as the basis for operational management of the built asset. However, this information is often left unchanged post-construction. The data generated describing building performance, such as energy consumption, spatial temperatures and equipment performance cannot currently be managed in a BIM environment. Making use of existing data storage mechanisms and tools would enable better management of a buildings energy performance, but existing data management systems fail to provide a framework to do so. This paper forms part of a research project looking at how BIM can be used as a life-cycle building performance management tool, identifying the necessary steps move from towards integration of performance data in the holistic model

学会抄録

Canonical pathways enrichment calculated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. A total of 46 pathways were detected as significantly enriched with genes differentially expressed in the pairwise comparisons indicated in the first row of the table (P < 0.05). First column on the left indicates Gene Ontology name associated with the canonical pathway. Log10P values are reported for each pathway. (XLS 38 kb

Percentages of BAEC populations in each of the four Annexin V/DAPI quadrants indicated in the flow cytometry plots in Fig 6.

<p>Percentages of BAEC populations in each of the four Annexin V/DAPI quadrants indicated in the flow cytometry plots in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0189890#pone.0189890.g006" target="_blank">Fig 6</a>.</p

Synthesis of Degradable Organic Nanotubes by Bottlebrush Molecular Templating

Degradable organic nanotubes were synthesized by a single-molecule templating of core–shell bottlebrush copolymers composed of an etchable inner block (polylactide) and a functional outer block (poly­(styrene-<i>co</i>-maleic anhydride)). The pendant mercapto groups generated along the outer block chains by reacting the anhydride groups with cysteamine were oxidized to disulfide groups acting as degradable cross-linking units in the shell layer. Subsequent hydrolytic removal of the polyester inner core provided hollow organic nanotubes held together by disulfide groups as cross-linkers. The cleavage of disulfide linkers by reaction with dithiothreitol resulted in a complete disintegration of nanotube structures into small fragments

Schematic of the pressure chamber set-up.

<p>Chambers depicted with the lids off. Lids were tightly screwed into place and sealed with a silicone O-ring prior to pressurization. Tubing colored in blue represents the inlet gas streams while tubing colored in red represents the outlet gas streams. Dotted vs. solid colored lines are used to distinguish tubing attached to the left vs. right pressure chambers respectively. The two black dots near the top and bottom of each pressure chamber represent the positions of the outlet and inlet gas streams, respectively. The two large rectangles within each chamber represent the shelves used to hold cell culture plates, while the smaller rectangles at the bottoms of each chamber represent the water reservoirs. The dotted black line represents the 37°C incubator.</p

Fluorescent LIVE/DEAD images of BAECs after exposure to hydrostatic pressure for either 2 days or 4 days.

<p>Cells were depressurized by either rapid depressurization (A) or slow depressurization (B) or exposed only to ambient atmospheric pressure (negative control) (C) and then stained as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0189890#pone.0189890.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>. The vast majority of observed cells were live as indicated by the green stain. Scale Bar = 100 μm.</p