Zero-inflated negative binomial regression model for dairyherds.

<p>The (a) logistic and (b) negative binomial components of the zero-inflated negative binomial regression model predicting the likelihood of being a closed herd and the number of replacement breeding cattle purchased by dairy herds, respectively. (OR  =  odds ratio, CI  =  confidence interval, Coef  =  coefficient, SE  =  standard error)</p><p>Voung test V = 11.43, p<0.001</p>a<p>The culling rate was calculated as the percentage of calvings where the dam was subsequently slaughtered or sold within 500 days of calving.</p>b<p>The calf mortality rate was calculated as the percentage of all calves born during the specified time period that died on an agricultural holding within 365 days of birth.</p

Estimated reduction in the endemic prevalence of BVDV following removal of replacement breeding cattle movements.

<p>The proportion of movements removed from the network was varied randomly between 0 and 13.3% at the beginning of each simulation. The black dots indicate the results from removing movements from the network at random. The blue dots indicate the results for the targeted removal of replacement breeding cattle movements. A total of 10,000 replicates were performed for each removal strategy. The transmission probability was set at 0.05 and the infectious period half-life was set at 1,095 days to simulate BVDV.</p

Effects of altering the transmission probability and infectious period half-life on simulation model results.

<p>The values shown are the predicted endemic prevalence when all replacement breeding cattle movements were removed from the network divided by the predicted endemic prevalence when an equivalent number of movements (including all movement types) were removed from the network at random. Grey squares indicate parameter combinations where disease was unable to persist on the network.</p

Estimated reduction in the number of purchased replacement breeding cattle with improved herd management.

<p>The horizontal bars show the percentage reduction in the total number of replacement breeding cattle purchased by the study herds when the values for age at first calving, calving interval, and calf mortality variables, the target value were set as the top quintiles and the values for culling rates were set at the middle quintile in the ZINB models. Each variable was tested alone and in combination.</p

Zero-inflated negative binomial regression model for dairyherds.

<p>The (a) logistic and (b) negative binomial components of the zero-inflated negative binomial regression model predicting the likelihood of being a closed herd and the number of replacement breeding cattle purchased by dairy herds, respectively. (OR  =  odds ratio, CI  =  confidence interval, Coef  =  coefficient, SE  =  standard error)</p><p>Voung test V = 11.43, p<0.001</p>a<p>The culling rate was calculated as the percentage of calvings where the dam was subsequently slaughtered or sold within 500 days of calving.</p>b<p>The calf mortality rate was calculated as the percentage of all calves born during the specified time period that died on an agricultural holding within 365 days of birth.</p

Risk factors for schistosome infection in PSAC.

<p><i>Adapted from</i>: <b>1</b> [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref014" target="_blank">14</a>]; <b>2</b> [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref014" target="_blank">14</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref015" target="_blank">15</a>]; <b>3</b> [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref016" target="_blank">16</a>]; <b>4</b> [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref015" target="_blank">15</a>], <b>5</b> [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref015" target="_blank">15</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref017" target="_blank">17</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref018" target="_blank">18</a>]; <b>6</b> [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref013" target="_blank">13</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref014" target="_blank">14</a>]; 7 [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>]; <b>8</b> [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref014" target="_blank">14</a>]; <b>9</b> [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref018" target="_blank">18</a>]; <b>10</b> [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref020" target="_blank">20</a>]; <b>11</b> [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006144#pntd.0006144.ref021" target="_blank">21</a>].</p

Properties of contact matrices for Scottish farms via sheep movements.

<p>Properties of contact matrices for Scottish farms via sheep movements.</p

Distribution of contacts of Scottish farms via sheep movements 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007.

<p>Distribution of contacts of Scottish farms via sheep movements 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007.</p

Co-distribution of sheep movements on and off Scottish farms 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007.

<p>Co-distribution of sheep movements on and off Scottish farms 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007.</p

Contribution of individual farms to the magnitude of <i>R</i>₀ 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007.

<p>Contribution of individual farms to the magnitude of <i>R</i>₀ 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007.</p