EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES ON COMPETITIVENESS AND RESEARCH IN A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY. WHERE DOES ROMANIA STAND?

In order to cope with the challenges of globalization Europe will have tofocus on its creative and innovative capacity, creativity and innovation being crucial inmeeting global challenges, this being the more evident given the current economic crisis.Our paper analyzes the EU cohesion policy (as a tool for addressing challenges in thelong run) on regional development, as well as the regions’ role in the economicdevelopment with regard to research and innovation, in order to lead towards astrengthening of competitiveness. We also question to what extent is encouragingresearch-development-innovation a priority for Romania, given the European standpoint.Our study is mainly based on data provided by various communications from theEuropean Commission, EUROSTAT, and the Statistical Yearbook of Romania.economic development, regional policy, R&D, competitiveness, innovation

Employment and Unemployment at Regional Level

This paper analyzes the effect of the restructuring process on the employment dynamics of urban and rural residents in the Romanian labor market, a study that focuses on every region of development in Romania. We study the structure of the population, the effects of the economic restructuring, the demographic trends that can have long-term effects, analyzing at the same time the ability of individuals to adjust to labor market transformations. To be noticed would be that long-term unemployment in Romania has grown in both absolute and relative terms in the last few years, leading to increased expenditures, both absolutely and in relation to unemployment benefits, for the support allowance and social assistance programs and for pensions to labor force drop-outs. We also focus on the fact that Romania's integration into the European Union is the major global determinant that creates the new frameworks for evolution in our society; and at this stage, compliance with the European standards in various domains raises some difficulties regarding implementation. Several fields (among which agriculture) face major problems during the post-accession period, the shortage of manpower being severely felt. We also underline the fact that employment and human capital management policies go beyond the framework of the labor market itself, because any strategy of employment is practically a component of the overall strategy of growth and development. And here exactly does the regional development take up its role, aiming at stimulating and diversifying the economic activity, stimulating private sector investment, helping to reduce unemployment and ultimately leading to the improvement of the living standards. In our empirical analysis we use data on Romania covering the time period 2000-2007.regional development, competitiveness, human resource, unemployment

THE DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF THE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN ROMANIA

The need for capital investment, which amounts to a level well above current economic possibilities, imposes as an objective condition the use of foreign capital in the form attracting direct capital investments. Investments are an important driving forcecapital, foreign direct investment, regions of development

Human capital and its influence on sustained economic growth in Romania

The present article draws attention to the conditions necessary so that the effects of education on human capital development and economic development should record maximum values. The paper emphasizes the idea that investments in education become ineffective unless accompanied by a suitable and appropriate strategy for economic and social development, based on socio-economic and political stability, and by the existence of a direct relationship between income, occupation and level of education and professional training. The concepts of social capital and psychological capital, both being considered as influencing development theory, practice and policy although they bring about less clear and direct results. The paper draws attention to the multidimensional character of the economic development, on the competitiveness, considering that economic development can therefore express all quantitative, qualitative and structural transformations occurring both within economic processes and along scientific research and manufacturing technologies, in the mechanisms regarding the operation of the economy, namely thinking patterns and the behavior of individuals. On the other hand, the New Economy is described synonymous with the knowledge economy in the broader context of the knowledge society, considering the knowledge based economy, knowledge representing an important factor in determining economic growth.peer-reviewe

THE DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF THE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN ROMANIA

The need for capital investment, which amounts to a level well above current economic possibilities, imposes as an objective condition the use of foreign capital in the form attracting direct capital investments. Investments are an important driving forc

Electrical Energy Dilemma and CO₂ Emission in Pakistan: Decomposing the Positive and Negative Shocks by Using an Asymmetric Technique

The key aim of the current analysis was to examine the impact of electricity production from various sources (oil, nuclear, natural gas and coal) on CO2 emission in Pakistan by utilizing the annual data series varies from 1975–2020. The study employed the two unit root tests for the purpose of stationarity, while an asymmetric Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) technique was applied to expose the influence of electrical energy on CO2 emission via long-run and short-run dynamics. Findings show that via long-run and short-run the variable electricity production from oil and coal sources has a positive impact on CO2 emission in Pakistan via positive and negative shocks. Electricity production from nuclear sources exposed the adverse impact on CO2 emissions. Similarly, electricity production from natural gas demonstrates the positive and adversative linkage with CO2 emission through positive and negative shocks. There is no doubt that Pakistan is still dealing with an electricity deficit because of poor energy generation in the country, but this has contributed to an increase in CO2 emissions. To avoid additional environmental damage, the government should pursue new and major CO2 emission reduction measures