Risk factors for breast cancer in a population with high incidence rates.

BackgroundThis report examines generally recognized breast cancer risk factors and years of residence in Marin County, California, an area with high breast cancer incidence and mortality rates.MethodsEligible women who were residents of Marin County diagnosed with breast cancer in 1997-99 and women without breast cancer obtained through random digit dialing, frequency-matched by cases' age at diagnosis and ethnicity, participated in either full in-person or abbreviated telephone interviews.ResultsIn multivariate analyses, 285 cases were statistically significantly more likely than 286 controls to report being premenopausal, never to have used birth control pills, a lower highest lifetime body mass index, four or more mammograms in 1990-94, beginning drinking after the age of 21, on average drinking two or more drinks per day, the highest quartile of pack-years of cigarette smoking and having been raised in an organized religion. Cases and controls did not significantly differ with regard to having a first-degree relative with breast cancer, a history of benign breast biopsy, previous radiation treatment, age at menarche, parity, use of hormone replacement therapy, age of first living in Marin County, or total years lived in Marin County. Results for several factors differed for women aged under 50 years or 50 years and over.ConclusionsDespite similar distributions of several known breast cancer risk factors, case-control differences in alcohol consumption suggest that risk in this high-risk population might be modifiable. Intensive study of this or other areas of similarly high incidence might reveal other important risk factors proximate to diagnosis

Disrupted anatomic networks in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is an uncommon genetic disorder with an increased risk of psychosis. Although the neural substrates of psychosis and schizophrenia are not well understood, aberrations in cortical networks represent intriguing potential mechanisms. Investigations of anatomic networks within 22q11DS are sparse. We investigated group differences in anatomic network structure in 48 individuals with 22q11DS and 370 typically developing controls by analyzing covariance patterns in cortical thickness among 68 regions of interest using graph theoretical models. Subjects with 22q11DS had less robust geographic organization relative to the control group, particularly in the occipital and parietal lobes. Multiple global graph theoretical statistics were decreased in 22q11DS. These results are consistent with prior studies demonstrating decreased connectivity in 22q11DS using other neuroimaging methodologies

An Interprofessional, Tailored Behavioral Intervention for Sleep Problems in Autism: Use of Sensory Data to Inform Intervention

Purpose: The purpose of this poster is to demonstrate how Sensory Profile data informed occupational therapy sleep interventions for two participants as part of an Interprofessional Tailored Behavioral Intervention study

Sleep behaviors and sleep quality in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are at increased risk for sleep disturbances. Core deficits of ASD and their underlying neurophysiology may predispose children to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors that threaten steep. Poor sleep in children can alter learning, attention and performance. Approximately two-thirds of parents report a sleep disturbance with their ASD child. Few rigorous epidemiological studies have been conducted in this population. Characterization of sleep in a well described ASD group utilizing subjective and objective standardized measures contributes solid descriptive baseline data and provides an important first step in building a foundation for future studies of etiology and intervention. Aims of this descriptive epidemiological study were to estimate the prevalence of sleep disturbances in ASD children D as compared to controls and to describe their sleep behaviors and sleep quality. Participants were randomly selected from the Regional Autism Center Registry at the Children\u27s Hospital of Philadelphia. ASD cohort of 59 children, ages 4-10, 26 autism, 21 PDD-NOS, and 12 Asperger Disorder were compared to 40 typically developing (TD) controls. Diagnosis was confirmed with the ADOS or ASDS. Controls were screened using the SCQ. Data was obtained with Children\u27s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), sleep diaries and ten nights of actigraphy. Actigraphic data was analyzed with the Sadeh algorithm and Scoring Analysis program. Results showed that 66.1% of parents of ASD children (62.5% autism, 76.2% PDD-NOS, 58.3% Asperger) and 45% of parents of the controls report sleep problems on the CSHQ. 66.7% of actigraphic data of children with ASD (75% autism, 52.4% PDD-NOS, 75% Asperger) and 45.9% of the controls showed disturbed sleep. Prevalence estimate of 45% for mild sleep disturbances in TD cohort is consistent with the high end of previous studies and highlights pediatric sleep debt as a concerning public health problem. Prevalence estimate of 66% for moderate sleep disturbances in the ASD cohort is consistent with the previous studies and highlights the significant sleep problems these families face. Predominant underlying sleep disorder in the ASD cohort is Insomnia Due to Pervasive Developmental Disorders (Code 327.15), identified utilizing the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-2 (ICSD-2)

Sleep behaviors and sleep quality in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are at increased risk for sleep disturbances. Core deficits of ASD and their underlying neurophysiology may predispose children to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors that threaten steep. Poor sleep in children can alter learning, attention and performance. Approximately two-thirds of parents report a sleep disturbance with their ASD child. Few rigorous epidemiological studies have been conducted in this population. Characterization of sleep in a well described ASD group utilizing subjective and objective standardized measures contributes solid descriptive baseline data and provides an important first step in building a foundation for future studies of etiology and intervention. Aims of this descriptive epidemiological study were to estimate the prevalence of sleep disturbances in ASD children D as compared to controls and to describe their sleep behaviors and sleep quality. Participants were randomly selected from the Regional Autism Center Registry at the Children\u27s Hospital of Philadelphia. ASD cohort of 59 children, ages 4-10, 26 autism, 21 PDD-NOS, and 12 Asperger Disorder were compared to 40 typically developing (TD) controls. Diagnosis was confirmed with the ADOS or ASDS. Controls were screened using the SCQ. Data was obtained with Children\u27s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), sleep diaries and ten nights of actigraphy. Actigraphic data was analyzed with the Sadeh algorithm and Scoring Analysis program. Results showed that 66.1% of parents of ASD children (62.5% autism, 76.2% PDD-NOS, 58.3% Asperger) and 45% of parents of the controls report sleep problems on the CSHQ. 66.7% of actigraphic data of children with ASD (75% autism, 52.4% PDD-NOS, 75% Asperger) and 45.9% of the controls showed disturbed sleep. Prevalence estimate of 45% for mild sleep disturbances in TD cohort is consistent with the high end of previous studies and highlights pediatric sleep debt as a concerning public health problem. Prevalence estimate of 66% for moderate sleep disturbances in the ASD cohort is consistent with the previous studies and highlights the significant sleep problems these families face. Predominant underlying sleep disorder in the ASD cohort is Insomnia Due to Pervasive Developmental Disorders (Code 327.15), identified utilizing the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-2 (ICSD-2)

Risk factors for breast cancer in a population with high incidence rates.

BackgroundThis report examines generally recognized breast cancer risk factors and years of residence in Marin County, California, an area with high breast cancer incidence and mortality rates.MethodsEligible women who were residents of Marin County diagnosed with breast cancer in 1997-99 and women without breast cancer obtained through random digit dialing, frequency-matched by cases' age at diagnosis and ethnicity, participated in either full in-person or abbreviated telephone interviews.ResultsIn multivariate analyses, 285 cases were statistically significantly more likely than 286 controls to report being premenopausal, never to have used birth control pills, a lower highest lifetime body mass index, four or more mammograms in 1990-94, beginning drinking after the age of 21, on average drinking two or more drinks per day, the highest quartile of pack-years of cigarette smoking and having been raised in an organized religion. Cases and controls did not significantly differ with regard to having a first-degree relative with breast cancer, a history of benign breast biopsy, previous radiation treatment, age at menarche, parity, use of hormone replacement therapy, age of first living in Marin County, or total years lived in Marin County. Results for several factors differed for women aged under 50 years or 50 years and over.ConclusionsDespite similar distributions of several known breast cancer risk factors, case-control differences in alcohol consumption suggest that risk in this high-risk population might be modifiable. Intensive study of this or other areas of similarly high incidence might reveal other important risk factors proximate to diagnosis

Disrupted anatomic networks in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is an uncommon genetic disorder with an increased risk of psychosis. Although the neural substrates of psychosis and schizophrenia are not well understood, aberrations in cortical networks represent intriguing potential mechanisms. Investigations of anatomic networks within 22q11DS are sparse. We investigated group differences in anatomic network structure in 48 individuals with 22q11DS and 370 typically developing controls by analyzing covariance patterns in cortical thickness among 68 regions of interest using graph theoretical models. Subjects with 22q11DS had less robust geographic organization relative to the control group, particularly in the occipital and parietal lobes. Multiple global graph theoretical statistics were decreased in 22q11DS. These results are consistent with prior studies demonstrating decreased connectivity in 22q11DS using other neuroimaging methodologies