A PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF AMRITADYA GUGGULU

Aushadha Kalpana is prepared by different pharmaceutical processing applied to the crude drugs to get the desired therapeutic effects. Guggulu kalpana is one of them. Guggulu is the gummy resin of the Indian plant bdellium i.e. Commiphora mukul. Guggulu is always used after Shodhana to remove its impurities. So the process of Shodhana becomes imperative in different media. In addition to it, Shodhana of Guggulu in different media brings specific properties to Guggulu. Ayurvedic medicines are gaining increase in popularity worldwide for the treatment of various diseases in recent times. In the present study, Amritadya guggulu, one of the Guggulu preparation mentioned in Pidika, Bhagandara and Sthaulya like conditions in Chakkradatta, was prepared and analysed so as to prove the safety and efficacy of the drug. Aims and objectives: To develop standard operative procedure for preparation of genuine drug and to analyze the safety and purity of the drug. Material and Methods: Amritadya guggulu was prepared as per classical texts and analysed by using different parameters like organoleptic properties, physicochemical properties, TLC etc. Discussion and Conclusion: 50% weight loss was observed. The weight loss was due to removal of impurities present in the Guggulu and handling loss. Presence of low acid insoluble ash (1.08%) determines the presence of low adherent dirt as well as sand particles. Presence of low moisture content (loss on drying 6.2%) decreases decomposition and enhances the shelf life and therapeutic value of the drug. Hence it can be concluded that the pharmaceutical and analytical study confirm the authenticity and quality of the drug

A Technique for Character Segmentation in Middle zone of Handwritten Hindi words using Hybrid Approach

India is a country where people talk in multilingual and write in multi-script. Devanagari is one of the most popular scripts in India, which is used to write Hindi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Marathi and Nepali Languages. This research work is performed on Hindi language. A large number of precious and essential documents are available in handwritten form, which needs to be converted into editable form. The existence of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) makes this task easier to convert handwritten text in editable form. Character segmentation is an important phase of OCR, which segment the characters from handwritten words. This enhances the accuracy of OCR system. In this paper a hybrid approach is used to segment the characters that contain single and multiple touching characters within a word. The proposed system is tested on a dataset of various handwritten words written by different writers. The dataset of proposed system contains more than 300 handwritten words in Hindi language. Accuracy of the proposed hybrid system is evaluated to 96% which is better than that of existing techniques

Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Microbial Activity of Indole Derivatives

Indoles are probably the most widely distributed heterocyclic compound in nature. Tryptophan and essential amino acid as such is constituent of most proteins. Starting materials were identified by physical, chromatographic and spectral analysis. For substituted isonitroso acetanilide 3.6 gm (0.05M) of chloral hydrate and 48 ml of purified water was taken in it. Then 44 gm of crystallized anhydrous sodium sulfate was added in it and a solution of substituted aniline (0.05 M) in 12 ml of water with 1.7 ml (0.052M) of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to dissolve the amine, and finally, a solution of 4.5gm (0.158M) of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 20 ml of water.for preparation of  substituted isatin from substituted isonitroso acetanilide 32.5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was warmed upto 50°C in a 100 ml round bottom flask with continuous stirring, and 7.5 gram of (0.046 M) of dry substituted isonitroso acetanilide was added to such a rate that to keep the temperature 60-70 but not higher. All synthesized final products were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity [ 13-19, 20-22] against four bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Staphylococcus pyogenus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1688), Escherichia coli (MTCC 443) and two fungal strains, namely Candida albicans (MTCC 227) and Aspergilla niger (MTCC 282). in-vitro antimicrobial activity with the zone Inhibition in mm 24±2 and activity index 0.89, against Staphylococcus aureus, 22±2 and 0.85 against Staphylococcus pyogenes, 26±2 and 0.96 against Pseudomonas aeruginos, 25±3 and 0.86 against Escherichia coli and two fungal strains shown 26±4 and 0.81 against Candida albicans and 14±2 & 0.88 against Aspergilla niger respectively. Keywords: Indole, Isatin, Antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus

Synthesis, Characterization and Anthelmentic Activity of Indole Derivatives

Indole is a planar molecule with a conjugated system of 10 p electrons. It exists in resonance form with resonance energy of 47-49 K cal/mole. It is a very weak base with Pka value 3.63. In structure a, b, and d the benzenoid 6-p system is preserved. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were established on the basis of physical, chemical, analytical data. The purification of the compounds was carried by purification methods like recrystallization. Physical constant like melting point, boiling point etc, of the new compounds were determined. All the intermediates and final synthesized products were inspected visually for physical appearance. It was physically characterized on the basis of organoleptic properties like color, odor and taste. This determination was obtained using a digital capillary melting point apparatus (Cambell Electronics, Bombay, India) by capillary fusion method. All the synthesized materials were further identified and confirmed by Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC). UV/Visible spectra enables us o study the absorption pattern of the molecule and determination of lmax which is useful for the quantitative estimation of the compound. The IR spectrum of all the synthesized materials was recorded, which showed stretching and bending vibration levels of molecules in potassium bromide pellet by FTIR Spectrophotometer. The synthesized compounds were screened for Anthelmintic activity by using Mathew et al method and Indian adult earthworms (Pheretima Posthuma). All substituted quinoxaline compounds have been screened for their anthelmentic activity. From the screening results it was observed that the presence of electron withdrawing group made the substituted quinoxaline compounds to exhibit moderate to significant anthelmentic activity in comparison to standard drug albendazole. Compound QX1 and QX5 exhibited promising anthelmentic activity. However other two compounds (QX2 & QX4) of the series also exhibited moderate to weak activity against the Pheritma phosthuma. Keywords: Pheritma phosthuma, Indole, Anthelmentic activity

Effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge of self-care management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a lung disease that makes it hard to breathe and patient education is integral to the care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also cornerstone of self-management in chronic illness. This study was aimed to improve the knowledge of COPD patients regarding self-care management of COPD.Methods: Quasi experimental (pre-test and post-test with control group) research design was used. Sixty COPD patients were selected by Purposive Sampling technique who was admitted in hospital. A semi structured interview schedule was used to assess the effect of self-instructional module on self-care management of COPD patients.  Results: Pre-test knowledge score was 20% in experimental group and 19% in control group. Post-test knowledge score was 80% in experimental group and 23% in control group. This was significant improvement (60%) in knowledge after SIM in experimental group & mean difference was 19.01. The demographic variables like age & suffering years from COPD was significantly associated (p <0.001) with post-test knowledge score.Conclusion: Most of the COPD patients had inadequate knowledge regarding self-care management of COPD. Self-Instructional Module was highly effective in increasing knowledge among COPD patients. Therefore the knowledge of the COPD patients can be further improved by providing on-going teaching and health education programmes.

Analytical solution of a vibrational problem for visco-elastic plate with Kelvin type boundary conditions

Within this time of science and technology, tapered plates with different geometry conditions are used as a for the construction of wings and blades of aeronautical as well as engineering structures. The main aim of current work is to analyze the vibration of rectangular structure tapered plate with thermal effect variation along x and y axis. Rayleigh-Ritz method is use for judgment the solution of frequency equation. Now for several values of thermal gradient, aspect ratio and taper constant are considered to calculate structural parameters such as logarithmic decrement, time period and deflection