The Antibacterial Properties of Some Plants Found in Hawaii

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Influence of Bleeding on Post-Mortem Tenderization of Fish Muscle During Chilled Storage

The influence of bleeding on post-mortem tenderization of fish muscle during storage was studied. Six fish species were used for the present study. Among them, delay of post-mortem tenderization of muscle by bleeding was shown in the pelagic fishes: yellowtail, horse mackerel, and striped jack. On the other hand, bleeding had no influence on the muscle firmness of the bottom fishes: red sea bream, flatfish, and rudder-fish. According to transmission electron microscopy, degradation of pericellular collagen fibrils was delayed in bled yellowtail and horse mackerel. In the case of striped jack, though, collagen fibril degradation could not be observed; slower weakening of the pericellular connective tissue was detected by compression tests on the bled sample. On the contrary, no structural difference was observed between the tested and the control samples in the bottom fishes during storage. According to these results, the delay of muscle tenderization of pelagic fishes would be due to the outflow of a collagenolytic factor contained in blood

日本における精神科入院患者の自殺企図の特徴

Suicide is an adverse event that can occur even when patient are hospitalized in psychiatric facilities. This study delineates the demographic characteristics of suicide attempts in mental hospitals and psychiatric wards of general hospitals in Japan, a country where the suicide rate is remarkably high. Analyses of incident reports on serious suicide attempts in psychiatric inpatients were performed using prefectural incident records between April 1, 2001, and December31, 2012. Suicide reports were included for 35 incidents that occurred over 11years, and demonstrated that 83% of patients (n=29) committed suicide and 17% (n=6) survived their attempt with serious aftereffects, such as cognitive impairment or persistent vegetative state. The male/female ratio of inpatient suicide was 1.5:1. The mean age of the attempters was 50.5 years (SD = 18.2). The most common psychiatric diagnoses for those with suicide incident reports were schizophrenia spectrum disorders (51.4%) and affective disorders (40%). Hanging (60%) was the most common method of suicide attempt, followed by jumping in front of moving objects (14.3%) and jumping from height (11.4%). Fifty-four percent of suicides (n=19) occurred within hospital sites and the remainder (46%; n=16) occurred outside hospital sites (e.g., on medical leave or elopement) while they were still inpatients.博士（医学）・乙第1347号・平成26年12月3日© 2014 Ikeshita Katsumi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Nocturnal hypoxic stress activates invasive ability of monocytes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Backgrounds: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is known to be a risk factor of cardiovascular events. However, the precise mechanism has not been fully elucidated. OSAS-induced hypoxic stress may promote the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by monocytes, which has a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, adhesion to the vascular endothelium and transendothelial migration of monocytes are considered to induce atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxic stress on the invasive ability of monocytes in OSAS. Methods; Twenty-one male OSAS patients and 17 male healthy control subjects, age- and body mass index-matched, were enrolled. Venous blood samples were collected not only before and after sleep but also after CPAP titration for the purpose of monocyte isolation. The invasive ability of monocytes was evaluated by counting the number of invasive cells using a BD BioCoat Matrigel Invasion Chamber. Results; The number of cells which represents invasive ability was significantly higher in OSAS patients as compared to control subjects in the early morning (p<0.001). Invasive ability in the early morning was significantly elevated as compared to that before sleep in OSAS patients (p<0.001), and it was positively correlated with oxygen desaturation index (p<0.05). CPAP titration led to alleviation of the invasive ability (p<0.001). Conclusions; The results indicate that OSAS-induced hypoxic stress activates the invasive ability of monocytes, and that this phenomenon observed during sleep may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in OSAS.The definitive version is available at " http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01540.x "アジア太平洋呼吸器学会（APSR：Asia Pacific Society of Respirology）第1回最優秀論文賞「Fukuchi Award」受賞論

COVID-19患者との接触が精神科病院職員に与えた影響

博士（医学）・乙第1515号・令和3年12月21日© 2020 The Authors Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences.© 2020 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pcn.13179], which has been published in final form at [https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13179]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited

せん妄の遷延化に関連する因子についての後方視研究

Background: It has been reported that delirium causes various problems. Many researchers have reported the risk factors associated with the onset of delirium; however, there are few reports focused on persistent delirium. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with persistent delirium. Methods: A total of 573 patients hospitalised in Nara Prefecture General Medical Centre from October 2014 through September 2017 who were referred to the psychiatry consultation service were included in this study. Persistent delirium was defined as delirium lasting for 14 days or more. A retrospective study was carried out based on the patients' records. The relationship between various background factors and persistent delirium was statistically analysed. Results: Of the 573 hospitalised patients, 295 were diagnosed as having delirium. Forty-six patients with persistent delirium and 181 patients with nonpersistent delirium were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that male gender, opioid analgesics use, non-opioid analgesics use, and low serum sodium were significantly and independently associated with persistent delirium. Ramelteon or trazodone was used significantly more in persistent delirium, although each use was not significant. Conclusion: This is the first study to reveal that male gender and use of analgesics were associated with persistent delirium in general hospital. However, as this is a case-control study and may contain bias, future cohort studies and intervention studies are needed. It is also necessary to investigate the relevance of the 'degree of pain' behind the use of analgesics.博士（医学）・乙第1516号・令和3年12月21日© 2021 Japanese Psychogeriatric Society.This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/psyg.12655], which has been published in final form at [https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12655]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited

近赤外線スペクトロスコピィを用いた覚醒剤精神病と統合失調症の鑑別

Despite some slight differences in symptomatology, differential diagnosis of methamphetamine-induced psychosis (MAP) versus schizophrenia can be challenging because both disorders present a large overlap in their clinical symptoms. However, a recent study has shown that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) performed during a cognitive task can be a powerful tool to differentiate between these two disorders. Here, we evaluated verbal fluency task performance during NIRS in 15 patients diagnosed with MAP and 19 with schizophrenia matched for age and sex. We used prefrontal probes and a 24-channel NIRS machine to measure the relative concentrations of oxyhaemoglobin every 0.1 s during the task. For each patient, the neurocognitive function and clinical psychopathology were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Oxyhaemoglobin changes in the prefrontal cortex were significantly higher in the MAP group compared to those in the schizophrenia group, particularly in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, we found no significant difference in PANSS and BACS scores. Our findings suggest that NIRS measurement could be applied to differentiate patients with MAP from those with schizophrenia, even in cases where clinical symptoms are similar.博士（医学）・甲第645号・平成28年3月15日This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0