Stabilised blending delay time in blowroom multimixer

Blending delay time of a multimixer represents its potential to mix fibres arriving from different bales. A generalized expression for stabilized blending delay time for multimixer has been derived here. It is found that blending delay time of a multimixer varies at the initial cycles of operation and thereafter it stabilizes. The stabilized blending time is higher for multimixers with more number of chambers

Interpreting the bounds on Solar Dark Matter induced muons at Super-Kamiokande in the light of CDMS results

We consider the recent limits on dark matter - nucleon elastic scattering cross section from the analysis of CDMS II collaboration using the two signal events observed in CDMS experiment. With these limits we try to interpret the Super-Kamiokande (SK) bounds on the detection rates of up-going muons induced by the neutrinos that are produced in the sun from the decay of annihilation products of dark matter (WIMPs) captured in the solar core. Calculated rates of up-going muons for different annihilation channels at SK using CDMS bounds are found to be orders below the predicted upper limits of such up-going muon rates at SK. Thus there exists room for enhancement (boost) of the calculated rates using CDMS limits for interpreting SK bounds. Such a feature is expected to represent the PAMELA data with the current CDMS limits. We also show the dependence of such a possible enhancement factor (boost) on WIMP mass for different WIMP annihilation channels.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Prediction of fabric hand characteristics using extraction principle

Prediction of fabric handle characteristics using extraction principle has been studied. An instrument for objective measurement of fabric handle characteristics has been developed using nozzle extraction method. This instrument measures the force exerted on the periphery of the nozzle by the fabric being drawn out of the nozzle on the periphery of the nozzle. This force, called the radial force, is a measure of the certain low stress mechanical characteristics of the fabric that determine handle. The instrument also measures the force required to extract the fabric through the nozzle. Woven fabric samples have been sourced from industry and categorized into suiting and shirting fabrics. The fabric samples were also tested in KES-F system. An attempt has been made to predict the shear force and bending rigidity by using artificial neural network. It has been observed that there are very good correlations between the extraction force values and the various KES-F parameters. The fabric extraction force obtained through nozzle extraction instrument is found to be well enough to predict fabric handle/feel value

Role of fibre, yarn and fabric parameters on bending and shear behaviour of plain woven fabrics

Influence of fibre blend, yarn count and fabric sett (thread density) on bending and shear rigidities of plain woven fabric has been studied. Fifteen plain woven square fabrics have been woven using 20, 30 and 40 Ne yarns of three different blends (100% cotton, 100% polyester and 50:50 polyester-cotton). The fabric samples are produced at three levels according to the Box and Behnken design of experiment methodology. Fabric bending and shear rigidities are measured by using Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) at low stress region. An increasing trend of fabric bending and shear rigidities are observed with lower proportion of polyester, coarser yarn count and higher fabric sett. Yarn count is found to be the most important parameter influencing fabric bending and shear rigidities followed by fabric sett and blend proportion of polyester. A strong degree of association is found between bending and shear rigidities of fabric

Compressional behavior of Persian hand knotted wool carpets using response surface methodology

The effects of knot density, pile height, number of ply in pile yarn and pile yarn twist on compressional behavior (compression and compression recovery) of Persian hand knotted wool carpets has been studied. The influence of variables on compression behavior of carpets has been quantitatively analyzed by using response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken design of experiment. The minimum compression occurs with the combination of minimum values of pile height (10 mm), knot density (5 knots/inch) & number of ply in pile yarn (2 ply), and maximum value of pile yarn twist (4.5 twists/inch). However the maximum compression recovery is attained with the combination of minimum values of pile height (10 mm) & pile yarn twist ( 3.5 twists/inch), and maximum values of knot density (7 knots/inch) & number of ply in pile yarn (4 ply)

Effect of yarn fineness and various knitting parameters on ultraviolet resistance of knitted fabrics

The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) for single jersey and 1×1 rib knitted fabrics has been investigated. The influence of yarn fineness, loop length, carriage speed and yarn input tension as well as their interactions are studied. The effect of unavoidable and uncontrolled random variables on UPF has also been investigated for both types of knitted fabrics. Orthogonal block Box and Behnken design of experiment is used to study the effect of uncontrolled random variables as well as controlled variables like yarn fineness, carriage speed, yarn input tension, loop length and their interactions. The results show that the uncontrolled random variables, during preparation of the samples, do not have any significant impact on resultant UPF for both single jersey and 1×1 rib knitted fabrics. The yarn fineness and the loop length have significant influence on UPF for both types of knitted fabrics. This study will be beneficial in engineering/designing fabrics and clothing of desired comfort with minimum damage to human body due to ultra-violet rays

Electronic Bond Structure of Carbon Nitride Thin Film Deposited by HiPIMS and dc Magnetron Plasma

We report the difference in electronic bond structure and surface chemical property of amorphous carbon nitride (a-CNx) film as a function of N/C which has been deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) and DC magnetron (dc-MS) plasma. The spectroscopic analyses suggest that the presence of oxide layer is the major cause for the surface charging in the core level peak. The core electron peaks (C1s, N1s and O1s) in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show higher surface charging in HiPIMS compare to the film deposited by dc-MS plasma. The core peaks are moved gradually toward its virgin position as the etching duration is increased from 1 min to 80 mins. The films deposited by HiPIMS retain a higher N/C ratio following ion etching as compared to those deposited by DC magnetron sputtering suggesting denser films with a higher degree of cross-linking