Spatial multi-criteria decision analysis for safe school site selection

Schools which are located in a strategic and safe area play an important role in improving students’ performance and excellence. To ensure both success and long -term sustainability of the school planning,the finding of suitable sites for school is important and challenging. This study delves into a site selection process to establish a systematic public school. It was carried out by geographic information system (GIS)and multi-criteria evaluation model. A set of criteria was used to design a number of potential sites using a spatial analysis model. Mukim Batu which is located in Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (WPKL) has been selected as the study area. The final safety model outputs were compared with the field verification data and found to be reliable

Resolving Spatial Conflicts In Computer-Generated Collision Diagrams For Road Accident Analysis

This research deals with the depiction of road accident scenes using symbols. When cartographic symbols are presented, there may be situations where they are either too close or overlapping. Manual intervention is thus needed to rearrange the symbols to avoid confusing the user. This condition, known as spatial conflict, is part of the problem in cartography especially in the process of automated generalization. When a collision diagram is drawn to show the road user movements (RUM) that indicate the nature of vehicle maneuver in road accidents at a particular site, the position of the event is often re-Iocated because of the type and size of symbols used. The changes made are always tentative, iterative and subjective. It is also a time consuming process, as the draughtsman need to decide the right and accurate symbols to be presented. These processes are needed, as the symbols are usually close or overlapping against each other. The diagram may not be much helpful to the traffic engineer if no intervention is being made to re-position the symbols. A clear and informative diagram is necessary to determine the predominant type of road accident, and for proposing the best remedy. Therefore, the procedures in the creation of Collision Diagram involve an iteration process which are subjective due to an array of human factors involved in making decisions. As a result, inaccuracy occurs in presenting the right position and the right symbols. Hence this work focuses on the automation process for resolving the spatial conflict

Mobile laser scanning, for monitoring polythylene city infrastructure network.

This research discusses a more efficient geospatial monitoring technique for city infrastructure networks. It will concentrate on polyethylene city infrastructure materials, where power, water and communication networks are covered or protected by polyethylene materials. A technical comparison is conducted between current and proposed geospatial monitoring techniques in order to develop an overall performance evaluation. The mobile laser scanning technology achieved the best performance evaluation, where detailed data analysis and collection, mobile laser missions, modeling and interpretation, and system geometrical corrections for location and orientation have also been conducted. Prior to conducting the performance evaluation, the research investigates mobile laser behavior and recognition capabilities with respect to Polyethylene City infrastructure materials. After analyzing the mobile laser pulses behavior, and its correlations with the mission ground speed and exposed scanned surface, it is concluded that the mobile laser pulses response is constant for the Polyethylene City infrastructure materials. The concluded mobile laser pulses constant is utilized to develop a mathematical model for re-planning the mobile laser scanning missions to obtain the best model for monitoring the Polyethylene City infrastructure networks

Pre-flood inundation mapping for flood early warning.

In this study the results of two rainfall-run-off simulations were used as input into a MIKE11GIS and hydrological modelling process for flood inundation mapping based on the flood event (27 September to 8 October 2000) in Malaysia of the Langat River Basin area. Separate inundation maps were generated for the recorded observed rainfall and from a developed quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF), which was based on top of the cloud reflectance and brightness temperature (TB) derive from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) satellite data sets. The QPF had rain rates between 3 and 12 mm/h for the 264 h rainfall duration. While the actual recorded rainfall for the same duration was used for the observed. The objective of the study was to compare the similarities of the flood inundation generated from the QPF run-off with that generated from the rainfall-run-off of the actual flood event. The accuracies of the maps were verified using grid point locations of flooded areas taken during the event. The selected sampled point of the verification showed an accuracy of 70% of the QPF on the observed flood map. Sampled points measured flood extent, coverage and depth of flood in the basin area

Facility location models development to maximize total service area

This paper present and discuss the new developed model to maximize total service area of a fixed number of facilities. Two greedy algorithms, Greedy Adding (ADD) and Greedy Adding with Substitution (GAS), were applied to solve the optimization problem of the Maximal Service Area Problem (MSAP). The MSAP is a discrete model where a specified number of facilities that achieve the best objective function value of the model are selected out of a finite set of candidate sites. In this study the determination of Fire stations location in Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia, were chosen for simulation. The shape of total service area covered by emergency facilities such as fire stations and ambulances is influenced by the road accessibility. The determination process requires lots of manual intervention in trying to improve the total service area. The two algorithms managed to reach better coverage than the coverage of existing fire stations with the same number of fire stations within the same travel time. The ADD managed to reach the coverage of 82.81% and GAS did 83.20%., while the existing fire stations only reach 73.69%.w. The approach undertaken in conventional facility location models had only defined a facility’s service area simply by a circular coverage. And therefore, it can be concluded that, as such the conventional approach is appropriate for facilities which are not influenced by topographical and road network barriers

Spatial information technology in flood early warning systems: an overview of theory, application and latest developments in Malaysia

Malaysia experiences a major flood event every three years due to the adverse effects of two monsoon seasons a year. Floods have thus become the most significant natural disaster in the country in terms of the population affected, frequency, aerial extent, financial cost and the disruption to socio-economic activities. Many previous flood control measures have had different levels of success but have generally had little effect in reducing the problem. However, it is now understood that it is neither possible nor desirable to control floods completely. Spatial information technology is thus being increasingly recognized as the most effective approach to flood disaster management. This paper reviews the spatial information technology in flood disaster management and its application in Malaysia. Some flood forecasting systems are discussed, along with their shortcomings. The paper discusses the framework of a proposed flood early warning system for the Langat river basin that operationally couples real-time NOAA-AVHRR data for quantitative precipitation forecasting with hydrologically oriented GIS and a MIKE11 hydrodynamic model

Maximal service area problem for optimal siting of emergency facilities

Geographic information systems (GIS) have been integrated to many applications in facility location problems today. However, there are still some GIS capabilities yet to be explored thoroughly. This study utilizes the capability of GIS to generate service areas as the travel time zones in a facility location model called the maximal service area problem (MSAP). The model is addressed to emergency facilities for which accessibility is an important requirement. The objective of the MSAP is to maximize the total service area of a specified number of facilities. In the MSAP, continuous space is deemed as the demand area, thus the optimality was measured by how large the area could be served by a set of facilities. Fire stations in South Jakarta, Indonesia, were chosen as a case study. Three heuristics, genetic algorithm (GA), tabu search (TS) and simulated annealing (SA), were applied to solve the optimization problem of the MSAP. The final output of the study shows that the three heuristics managed to provide better coverage than the existing coverage with the same number of fire stations within the same travel time. GA reached 82.95% coverage in 50.60 min, TS did 83.20% in 3.73 min, and SA did 80.17% in 52.42 min, while the existing coverage only reaches 73.82%

Model Diagnosis dan Rawatan Kemalangan Jalan Raya di Malaysia

Absence of an information analysis system and a proper accident investigation framework have been the stumbling blocks in the investigation, evaluation and monitoring of accident problems in Malaysia. This paper presents the information system developed and provides the accident treatment model for implementation throughout Malaysia. Two police districts, Seremban and Shah Alam were chosen as a test case in this National Safety Council Pilot Project. Accident data are based on a police form POL27 (Pind 1/91) designed to enable processing and analysis using a customised microcomputer accident analysis package (MAAP). The system enables a thorough analysis of certain cases particularly on black spots. A dangerous location identification system based on accident maps, link-node-cell system and coordinates was used in the urban areas, while a kilometer post system was used for the rural highways. In-depth analysis on black spots could be achieved by means of a stick and collision diagram. This would enable diagnosis of actual causes of accidents at a problem location to be done expeditiously, more easily and more accurately so tha

A GIS Support System for Road Safety Analysis and Management

In diagnosing the cause traffic accidents, traffic engineers, planners and decision makers often need as much information as possible before deciding the appropriate countermeasure. In road safety analysis apart from producing the most accurate prediction from statistical figures, the need to visualize information geographically i always essential. This paper describes the implementation of SMKJ2, the method used to provide multiple ways of visualising accident data based on certain set of criteria, and the plan to incorporate multiple experts and knowledge base in to the system. The project, presently confined to the area of Seremban City Council of Negeri Sembilan, has been carried out in collaboration with The Royal Malaysian Police and The Road Safety Council

Use of geospatial technology for landfill site selection.

Growth of population and extensive industrial development had increases solid wastes and pollutants in many parts of the world (superscript [1-2]). Due to the economic and technologic limitations not all waste can be easily turn to other sort of materials or energy. As a result so, we still have to rely on the common solution to bury as to excrete urban wastes. Selection of an appropriate site for this process in a big city like Mashad in Iran is an important task which needs a cautious, strategic planning and investigations at various levels. With regards to this issue it is necessary to have a comprehensive volume of spatial information ofthe surrounding area and a proper analysis and spatial exploration need to be done. The methodology being implemented utilized geospatial technology for the management and visualization of spatial data while fuzzy logic is used in searching the best location for site selection. In this paper the basic elements of the fuzzy logic methodology as well as its potential in the specific problem are described. A case study for Mashad city is elaborated. The results drawn up by fuzzy logic are compared with that of the traditional Boolean approach in the decision making process