Digitization Methods of Grinding Pins for Technological Process Planning

The paper presents different techniques for digitizing grinding pins and discusses the use of digitalized pins and the results of measurements in technological process planning (TPP), focusing on the challenges of the digital era. It describes the potential of different measuring devices, taking into account the digitization of a real tool shape into virtual 2D and 3D models. The following methods for measuring grinding pins are presented in the study: contact and non-contact coordinate measurements – performed on coordinate measuring machines (CMM); optical measurements on microscopes (i.e. focus-variation technique); optical measurements using tool presetters; optical measurements with measuring arm; laser micrometer measurements; and laser triangulation sensor measurements. Moreover, the use of testers which are applied in contour measurements is analyzed. On the basis of the presented methods, taking into account their possibilities and limitations, we discuss how the obtained digital data can be used in the planning of technological processes.publishedVersio

Housing for elderly people in the USA

Szeroko rozwinięty na terenie USA system mieszkaniowy dla osób starszych wyróżnia kilka typów zamieszkiwania w zależności od stopnia niezależności i sprawności psychofizycznej mieszkańców. Opracowanie dotyczy głównie niespotykanego w Polsce modelu, jakim jest wspólnota dla niezależnych osób starszych z częściowym serwisem i szeregiem funkcji dodatkowych, pozwalająca mieszkańcom żyć godnie oraz jak najdłużej zachować zdrowie psychiczne i aktywność fizyczną.Widely developed system of housing for the elderly in the U.S. includes several types of residence, depending on the degree of autonomy and medical fitness of inhabitants. This paper mainly relates to unknown in Poland model of the community for independent elderly. This type of housing with partial service and a number of additional features, allows residents to live with dignity as long as possible and maintain mental health and physical activity

Diagnostics of internal combustion diesel engines operated in construction and mining

Mining machinery and equipment belong to the group of special machines working in extreme conditions. Mining machines are used in difficult conditions such as limited supplies of fresh air, heat from the rock, in places with high humidity and heavy dust. In other specifics related to the extraction process is brine, harmful compounds such as sulphur dioxide, or rock debris raining down. The machines are operated in continuous mode, the clock. Working in mining conditions machines are exposed to frequent breakdowns and malfunctions. Identifying of failure diesel engines can be cumbersome in these conditions and time-consuming, leading to longer downtime, thereby reducing operating efficiency and increased cost. Therefore, in the paper was a review and analysis methods for the diagnosis of internal combustion diesel engines used in machines built and used to power machines in underground mining. On the basis of diagnostic testing was performed analysis of cases occurring malfunctions and failures