Antioxidant Activity of Faba Bean Extracts

Phenolic compounds were extracted from seeds of 22 cultivars of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) by using 80% (v/v) aqueous acetone. The total phenolic compound and condensed tannins contents of the extracts and their antioxidant activity were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, vanillin/HCl method, and ABTS and FRAP assays, respectively. The content of total phenolic compounds ranged from 40.7 to 66.1 mg/g extract and from 326 to 574 mg/100 g seeds. Contents of condensed tannins ranged from 2.40 to 49.9 mg/g extract and from 22.2 (FAB) to 365 mg/100 seeds. The extracts and seeds were characterized by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values ranging from 0.550 (FAB 443) to 1.030 mmol Trolox/g extract (FAB 187) and from 4.85 (FAB 318) to 9.81 mmol Trolox/100 g seeds (FAB 187). Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values varied from 0.595 (FAB 443) to 0.908 mmol Fe2+/g extract (FAB 5023) and from 4.61 (FAB 297) to 7.90 mmol Fe2+/100 g seeds (FAB 187). The total phenolic content of faba bean extract was correlated with the results of the ABTS (r = 0.864) and FRAP (r = 0.862) assays. The coefficients of correlations between the contents of condensed tannins and ABTS and FRAP results were 0.543 and 0.862. We also noted a correlation between results of ABTS and FRAP assays (r = 0.795)

Antioxidant Potential and Phenolic Compounds of Some Widely Consumed Turkish White Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties

The antioxidant potential and phenolic compounds content were investigated in ten white bean varieties widely consumed in Turkey. Total phenolic contents of seeds varied between 0.33 and 0.63 mg GAE/g. The Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) determined by the ABTS assay and the Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) of bean varieties ranged from 3.50 to 5.17 mu mol Trolox/g seed and from 7.99 to 11.20 mu mol Fe2+-/g seed, respectively. Strong correlations were found between total phenolic content and FRAP (r=0.850) and between TEAC and FRAP (r=0.734). The antioxidant activity was investigated in a beta-carotene-linoleic acid model system, as well. Differences in the inhibition of emulsion oxidation by extracts of white bean varieties were slight. The RP-HPLC fingerprint analysis of extracts showed the presence of five dominant phenolic compounds which were described as ferulic or caffeic acids derivatives. Four of them significantly contributed to reducing power and antiradical activity against ABTS(center dot+) of extracts

Extracts of Phenolic Compounds from Seeds of Three Wild Grapevines—Comparison of Their Antioxidant Activities and the Content of Phenolic Compounds

Phenolic compounds were extracted from three wild grapevine species: Vitis californica, V. riparia and V. amurensis seeds using 80% methanol or 80% acetone. The total content of phenolic compounds was determined utilizing the Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent while the content of tannins was assayed with the vanillin and BSA precipitation methods. Additionally, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity and the reduction power of the extracts were measured. The RP-HPLC method was applied to identify the phenolic compounds in the extracts, such as phenolic acids and catechins. The seeds contained large amounts of tannins, catechins and gallic acid and observable quantities of p-coumaric acid. The total content of phenolic compounds and tannins was similar in the extracts from V. californica and V. riparia seeds. However, the total content of total phenolic compounds and tannins in the extracts from V. californica and V. riperia seeds were about two-fold higher than that in the extracts from V. amurensis seeds. Extracts from seeds of the American species (V. californica and V. riparia) contained similarly high concentrations of tannins, whereas extracts from seeds of V. amurensis had approximately half that amount of these compounds. The content of catechin and epicatechin was similar in all extracts. The highest DPPH• anti-radical scavenging activity was observed in the acetonic and methanolic extracts of V. californica and V. riparia seeds— while the acetonic extract from the V. californica seeds was the strongest reducing agent

Evaluation of the frequency of occurrence of some changes and birth defects of lumbar-sacral spine among patients registering for CT examination due to the back pain

Wstęp. Bóle kręgosłupa są jedną z najczęstszych przyczyn zgłaszania się pacjentów do gabinetu lekarza rodzinnego. W wielu przypadkach ból pleców jest spowodowany współistnieniem zmian w obrębie kręgosłupa, szczególnie u osób starszych. Cel pracy. Celem pracy była ocena częstości występowania wybranych zmian i wad wrodzonych kręgosłupa w odcinku lędźwiowo-krzyżowym (LS) w badanej populacji. Materiał i metody. Zbadano 281 pacjentów za pomocą tomografii komputerowej (TK) z powodu dolegliwości bólowych kręgosłupa LS. Wyniki. U co siódmej badanej osoby stwierdzono chorobowo zmienione wyrostki kolczyste, a także skrzywienie kręgosłupa w płaszczyźnie czołowej. Choroba Baastrupa oraz skolioza stanowiły około 14% przypadków. Udział pozostałych zmian zawierał się w przedziale od 6,8% (ankyloza stawów krzyżowo-biodrowych) do 2,6 % (hemilumbalizacja). Wnioski. Wraz z wiekiem rośnie częstość i współwystępowanie ze sobą zmian w odcinku LS kręgosłupa stwierdzanych w TK. Wiek pacjenta jest związany z rodzajem obserwowanych zmian.Introduction. Back pain is one of the most common reasons for patients to make appointments at the GP practice. In many instances, back pain is caused by several coexisting changes in the spine, particularly in the elderly patients. Aim of the study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of selected changes and malformations in the lumbar-sacral section of the spine in the study population. Material and methods. 281 patients were examined by CT due to pain of the lower spine. Results. In every seventh tested person the affected spinous processes were found as well as the curvature of the spine in the frontal plane. Baastrup disease and scoliosis accounted for about 14% of cases. The share of other changes ranged from 6.8% (ankylosis of sacroiliac joints) to 2.6% (hemilumbalization). Conclusions. With age, the frequency and co-occurrence of changes in lumbar-sacral spine found in CT examination increase. Patient’s age is associated with the type of the observed changes

Do residents of Lublin region after 40 live in stress? Analysis based on data from Biała Podlaska and Parczew regions

Wstęp. W codziennym życiu jesteśmy stale narażeni na występowanie sytuacji stresowych. Skuteczna profilaktyka stresu przekłada się na korzyści zdrowotne, społeczne i finansowe. Cel pracy. Celem pracy była ocena występowania sytuacji stresowych wśród mieszkańców powiatów bialskiego i parczewskiego. Materiał i metody. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone wśród 205 osób, dobranych losowo, powyżej 40. roku życia, zamieszkujących powiaty bialski i parczewski. Do przeprowadzenia badań posłużył anonimowy kwestionariusz ankiety. Wyniki. Na stres narażonych było 60% badanych „często” i „codziennie”. Umiejętność radzenia sobie ze stresem deklarowało 75% osób z powiatu bialskiego i 70% z powiatu parczewskiego. Stwierdzono istotność statystyczną pomiędzy umiejętnościami radzenia sobie z opanowaniem stresu a płcią w powiecie parczewskim; 25% badanych z powiatu bialskiego i 30% z powiatu parczewskiego nie radzi sobie ze stresem. Wnioski. W badanych powiatach stwierdzono duże rozpowszechnienie stresu. Niezbędne są dalsze badania dotyczące czynników etiologicznych stresu w badanych populacjach, aby można było w sposób celowany wprowadzać profilaktykę antystresową.Introduction. In everyday life we are constantly exposed to the occurrence of stressful situations. Effective prevention of stress positively influences one’s health as well as social and financial spheres of life. Aim of the study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of stress among residents of Biała Podlaska and Parczew regions. Material and methods. The survey was conducted among 205 randomly selected people aged 40 and older, living in Biała Podlaska and Parczew regions. An anonymous questionnaire was used for the examination. Results. 60% of respondents were exposed to stress „often” and „every day.” Ability to cope with stress was declared by 75% of people from Biała Podlaska region and 70% from P arczew region. Statistical significance was found between the s kills to cope with stress master y and gender in Parczew region. 25% of respondents from Biała Podlaska region and 30% from Parczew region do not manage stress. Conclusions. In the studied regions high prevalence of stress was found. F urther research on the etiological factors of stress is needed in study populations, so that anti-stress prevention can be introduced in a targeted way

Changes in the Total Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacities of Perilla ( Perilla frutescens

Changes in the total polyphenolics and antioxidative capacity of the perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) plant, during the growth cycle, have been analyzed in this study. These parameters were evaluated at five morphological stages. The extracts characterized by the highest total phenolic compound content were obtained at the full flowering stage. The phenolic compound profile was characterized by the presence of three major compounds, with rosmarinic acid being the most abundant. Moreover, their contents were significantly different according to the growth stage. High Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values were found for the last two growth stages. The lowest ferric-reducing antioxidant power value was observed for the medium vegetative stage. The highest antiradical activity against DPPH• was observed for extracts obtained from the early vegetative stage. The antioxidant activity changes during the growth cycle, and this change may be useful to determine the optimal harvest time

Variations of genotypes of Vicia species as influenced by seed phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity

The phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of different Vicia species, which are cultivated in different areas of Turkey, and the diversity between analysed characters were investigated. For this purpose, 9 genotypes from three Vicia species: common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and Narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.), were used. The experiment was carried out to determine total phenolic content (TPC), content of individual phenolic compounds, to determine ABTS(center dot+) and DPPH center dot scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in methanol and acetone extracts of seeds. The TPC of vetch extracts was in range 11.18-30.42 mg GAE g(-1) (in methanol extract) and 17.05-59.88 mg GAE g(-1) (in acetone extract). Two V. sativa genotypes Cvoe and Cvke stood out among the others with regard to high TPC and antioxidant activity. They also had the highest content of individual hydroxybenzoic acids and flavones. All extracts of V. narbonensis genotypes were characterised by absence of flavones and low TPC and antioxidant activity. GGE biplot analysis revealed the differences of Vicia genotypes based on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The significant correlations among TEAC, FRAP and DPPH center dot scavenging activity and the content of hydroxybenzoic acids were found in both methanol and acetone extracts (P < 0.01). The genotypes were divided into three clusters in acetone extract and two clusters in methanol extract with similarity above 60% in each group by a hierarchical cluster analysis. These results demonstrated that the genotypic differences of Vicia species in terms of TPC and antioxidant activity can be a tool for feed technology studies for animal nutrition, animal welfare and meat quality.Council of Higher Education (YOK) in TurkeyH. Hulya Orak thanks Council of Higher Education (YOK) in Turkey for financial support for her stay in Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn

Effect of osmotic stress and post-stress recovery on the content of phenolics and properties of antioxidants in germinating seeds of grapevine Vitis californica

The tested material consisted of grapevine Vitis californica stratified seeds germinated under optimum conditions (+25°C in water), under osmotic stress (-0.2 MPa in PEG solution) and submitted to recovery after stress (+25°C in water). The germinating seeds were determined to contain tannins, catechins and the following phenolic acids: gallic, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic. The acids occurred in free, ester- and glycoside-bound forms. The dominant form of phenolic acids was the ester-bound fraction. Gallic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid in germinating seeds, while ferulic acid appeared in the smallest amounts. Our analysis of tannins demonstrated that osmotic stress depressed their concentration. Presence of catechin group compounds such as catechin and epicatechin was also determined. In each sample epicatechin was dominant. The total concentration of catechin increased under stress conditions and declined during post-stress recovery. Catechins are a constituent of tannins and their increase under osmotic stress is most probably caused by the breakdown of some tannins in seeds germinating under stress conditions. Samples submitted to osmotic stress were also found to contain less of total phenolic compounds, whereas in samples which underwent post-stress recovery the total level of phenolic compounds increased. Compared to extracts from seeds germinating under optimum conditions, osmotic stress depressed the capacity of extract to scavenge DPPH● (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS●+ – 2,2-Azino-bis (3-etylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radicals, but the antioxidant activity rose in seeds submitted to recovery after stress. Positive correlation was therefore demonstrated between the total content of phenolic acids in germinating grapevine seeds and the reducing power of extracts obtained from these seeds and their free radical scavenging activity. The results suggest that osmotic stress inhibits the activity of antioxidizing enzymes in germinating grapevine seeds. Thus, the antioxidative defence system is largely blocked under osmotic stress. It seems that a very high oxidoreductive potential in grapevine tissues prior to occurrence of osmotic stress is essential for maintaining proper homeostasis of oxidation and reduction reactions

Effect of osmotic stress and post-stress recovery on the content of phenolics and properties of antioxidants in germinating seeds of grapevine Vitis californica

The tested material consisted of grapevine Vitis californica stratified seeds germinated under optimum conditions (+25°C in water), under osmotic stress (-0.2 MPa in PEG solution) and submitted to recovery after stress (+25°C in water). The germinating seeds were determined to contain tannins, catechins and the following phenolic acids: gallic, caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic. The acids occurred in free, ester- and glycoside-bound forms. The dominant form of phenolic acids was the ester-bound fraction. Gallic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid in germinating seeds, while ferulic acid appeared in the smallest amounts. Our analysis of tannins demonstrated that osmotic stress depressed their concentration. Presence of catechin group compounds such as catechin and epicatechin was also determined. In each sample epicatechin was dominant. The total concentration of catechin increased under stress conditions and declined during post-stress recovery. Catechins are a constituent of tannins and their increase under osmotic stress is most probably caused by the breakdown of some tannins in seeds germinating under stress conditions. Samples submitted to osmotic stress were also found to contain less of total phenolic compounds, whereas in samples which underwent post-stress recovery the total level of phenolic compounds increased. Compared to extracts from seeds germinating under optimum conditions, osmotic stress depressed the capacity of extract to scavenge DPPH● (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS●+ – 2,2-Azino-bis (3-etylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radicals, but the antioxidant activity rose in seeds submitted to recovery after stress. Positive correlation was therefore demonstrated between the total content of phenolic acids in germinating grapevine seeds and the reducing power of extracts obtained from these seeds and their free radical scavenging activity. The results suggest that osmotic stress inhibits the activity of antioxidizing enzymes in germinating grapevine seeds. Thus, the antioxidative defence system is largely blocked under osmotic stress. It seems that a very high oxidoreductive potential in grapevine tissues prior to occurrence of osmotic stress is essential for maintaining proper homeostasis of oxidation and reduction reactions