Isolation and identification of inhibitory bacteria against pathogenic fungi from Isfahan using molecular method

زمینه و هدف: گونه های باسیلوس منبعی از متابولیت های ضد قارچی با توان مهار عفونت های قارچی هستند. هدف از این مطالعه، جداسازی و شناسایی باکتری مهارکننده ی رشد قارچ های پاتوژن از اصفهان با استفاده از روش مولکولی بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی، تعداد 150 نمونه (خاک، هوا و سطوح) از شهر اصفهان تهیه و تأثیر مهاری باکتری های رشد یافته بر روی محیط کشت نوترینت آگار بر رشد قارچ های آسپرژیلوس نایجر، آسپرژیلوس فلاووس و موکور هیمالیس بررسی شد. بررسی کیفی مهار رشد قارچ با روش نشاکاری و جهت بررسی کمی مهار رشد قارچ ها تلقیح سوسپانسیون قارچی حاوی 104 اسپور بر میکرولیتر به صورت کشت خطی در فواصل 5/0، 1، 5/1، 2، 5/2 و 3 سانتی متری از مرکز (محل تلقیح سوسپانسیون 5/0 مک فارلند باکتری ها) انجام شد. نمونه ها در دمای 30 درجه سانتی گراد به مدت 96 ساعت نگهداری و شناسایی باکتری مهاری با تست های بیوشیمیایی و روش مولکولی انجام گرفت. یافته ها: تأثیر مهاری باکتری ها بر رشد قارچ های آسپرژیلوس نایجر، آسپرژیلوس فلاووس و موکور هیمالیس در فواصل 5/0 تا 3 سانتی متر مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج تست های بیوشیمیایی و روش کلنی- PCR، باکتری با بیشترین اثر مهاری نسبت به قارچ های مذکور باسیلوس آتروفئوس سویه ی HNSQJYH170 شناسایی شد. نتیجه گیری: باسیلوس آتروفئوس سویه ی HNSQJYH170 بومی اصفهان قابل استفاده برای تولید آنتی بیوتیک و مصارف کنترل بیولوژیک است

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Iran. Serogroup distributions, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance properties

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections with global expansion. These infections are predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC).Methods: Totally, 123 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from UTIs patients, using bacterial culture method were subjected to polymerase chain reactions for detection of various O- serogroups, some urovirulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes and resistance to 13 different antibiotics.Results: According to data, the distribution of O1, O2, O6, O7 and O16 serogroups were 2.43%, besides O22, O75 and O83 serogroups were 1.62%. Furthermore, the distribution of O4, O8, O15, O21 and O25 serogroups were 5.69%, 3.25%, 21.13%, 4.06% and 26.01%, respectively. Overall, the fim virulence gene had the highest (86.17%) while the usp virulence gene had the lowest distributions of virulence genes in UPEC strains isolated from UTIs patients. The vat and sen virulence genes were not detected in any UPEC strains. Totally, aadA1 (52.84%), and qnr (46.34%) were the most prevalent antibiotic resistance genes while the distribution of cat1 (15.44%), cmlA (15.44%) and dfrA1 (21.95%) were the least. Resistance to penicillin (100%) and tetracycline (73.98%) had the highest while resistance to nitrofurantoin (5.69%) and trimethoprim (16.26%) had the lowest frequencies.Conclusions: This study indicated that the UPEC strains which harbored the high numbers of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes had the high ability to cause diseases that are resistant to most antibiotics. In the current situation, it seems that the administration of penicillin and tetracycline for the treatment of UTIs is vain

Evaluation of effect the cyclic lipopeptides from Bacillus atrophaeus HNSQJYH170 on Candida species

Background and Objectives: In humans, during the recent years, several factors have increased the risk of fungal infections, like broad spectrum antibiotics, immune compromised patients, cytotoxic chemotherapy and transplantations. Among all fungal pathogens Candida species remain the most common cause of invasive fungal infections. The aim of the current study is extraction of lipopeptides from Bacillus atrophaeus HNSQJYH170 isolated from Isfahan, and the study of its antifungal effects against Candida species. Methods: After 72 h of incubation, a cell-free supernatant of Bacillus atrophaeus was collected by centrifugation and acidified by adding HCl. The precipitate obtained was collected by centrifugation and dissolved in the methanol solution (50 ). Then antifungal activity of lipopeptides was evaluated by well diffusion method against Candida species. Also inhibition effect of lipopeptide on germ tube production for Candida albicans was studied. Results: There was no Inhibition zone for Candida species by cyclic lipopeptides. Inhibition of germtube production in %95 of C.albicans cells was showed by Bacillus atrophaeus lipopeptides. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that, although lipopeptides extracted from Bacillus atrophaeus were not able to inhibit Candida spp but inhibition of germtube production in %95 of C.albicans cells was showed. The ability of lipopeptides in inhibition of germtube production in C.albicans was showed, that these compounds can prevent biofilm formation on catheters and other substrate. Therefore, these compounds are important in preventing the invasion C.albicans of mucosal. Keywords: Bacillus atrophaeus, cyclic lipopeptides, Candid

Evaluation of Anticandidal Effects of Allium saralicum

Background and Objectives: Candida species is one of the main fungal pathogens in immunodeficient, organ transplantation, and cancer patients. Resistance to antifungal therapy, is observed in candida species, such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis. For this purpose, screening of the medicinal plants and investigation of their antifungal effect is necessary. This study was conducted with the aim of in vitro evaluation of inhibitory effect of Allium saralicum on candida species.   Methods: In this descriptive-comparative study, Allium saralicum plant was collected from Shahoo mountain in Kermanshah, and extracted using soxhlet apparatus. Antifungal activity of methanol and petroleum ether extracts, were investigated against C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis. Well diffusion method was used as a screening method, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), were determined. Results were analyzed by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.   Results: In this research, the highest inhibition zone of Allium saralicum extracts against all species, was observed in concentration of 250mg/ml, and inhibition zone diameter decreased with decrease in concentration. MIC and MFC results showed that C. albicans is more sensitive to the petroleum ether extract, while C. tropicalis growth was significantly inhibited by the methanol extract. The results of both extracts was equal for C. glabrata.   Conclusion: According to the results of this research, methanol and petroleum ether extracts of Allium saralicum have antifungal activity against Candida species. Therefore, this plant can be used as a natural antimicrobial source

In vitro Comparison of antifungal effect of silver nanoparticle on Candida producer of vulvovaginal candidiasis

Background and Aim: Recently opportunistic fungus resistance has significantly increased like Candida albicans. The poison in antibacterial drugs, resistance in fungus and existence of different drugs make it necessary to use more effective drugs with a higher level of influence and less poison. also large number of investigations showed biologic influence of silver nanoparticles.The aim this study was In vitro comparison of antifungal effect of silver nanoparticle on Candida producer of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Materials and Methods: In order to identification of samples was used from conventional mycological methods: morphology on corn meal agar and chrom agar and germ tube production. To evaluate the antifungal effect of spherical silver nanoparticles with 10 nm diameter on the isolates. Inhibitory zone diameter after 24-48 hour were performed by disk diffusion method. Also inhibitory effect of nanoparticles in all the samples were compared with fluconazol. Also MIC and MFC of samples were determined by microdilution method. Results: Total of isolates of C. albicans (50 sampels), 36 samples were inhibited with spherical silver nanoparticles with 10 nm diameter. Inhibitory zone diameter was between 0-15 mm. MIC was between 31.25-125 ppm and MFC was between 62.5-250 ppm. Conclusions: The results of the present investigation showed that spherical silver nanoparticles with 10 nm diameter has some antifungal effect against Candida albicans. Probably in the future after looking at this silver nanoparticles can be used in the treatment of producer of vulvovaginal candidiasis

Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon) on the Levels of Serum Proteins in Small Laboratory Mice

Background and Objectives: Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) is a plant, which has nutritional and therapeutic uses for years. In traditional medicine, this plant has been used for relief of indigestion, detoxification of the body, treatment of insomnia, improvement of liver function, and antibacterial properties. As blood plasma proteins have important role in maintaining the body homeostasis, this study was performed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of tarragon on the levels of serum proteins in mice. Methods: In this experimental research, 40 mature male mice (weight, 30±5g) were used. The animals were divided into five groups od 8 each: Group 1, control; group 2, placebo; and groups 3,4, and 5 intraperitoneally received the plant extract at doses of 50, 100, and 200mg/kg bw for 20 days. At the end, blood samples were collected, and serum protein levels, such as albumin, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin, beta globulin, gamma globulin, total protein, and albumin to globulin ratio, were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan statistical tests at the significance level of p≤0.05. Results: The albumin concentration at dose of 200mg/kg, beta globulin at doses of 50, 100, and 200mg/kg doses, gamma globulin at dose of 50mg/kg, total protein at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg, had significant decrease compared to the control group (p≤0.05). The albumin to globulin ratio showed a significant increase at the dose of 50 and 100mg/kg and a significant decrease at the dose of 200mg/kg compared to the control group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, the hydroalcoholic extract of tarragon decreases the levels of the mentioned serum proteins

The effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon) on hematological parameters in mice

Introduction: Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon) is one of the plants that uses as meal and remedy for a long time, and possesses many medicinal properties. In traditional medicine also has mentioned to its beneficial properties. A number of researches through in vitro and in vivo studies showed the pharmacological properties of this plant. This study was done for determining the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of A. Dracunculus L. on some hematological parameters among mice. Materials and methods: In this study, 40 male mice were divided into five groups: a control, a placebo, and three treatment groups that were injected with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg doses of hydro-alcoholic extract of tarragon every other day for 20 days. At the end of injections, the levels of WBC, RBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils were measured. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results: The obtained results showed that there was no significant difference in amounts of WBC, RBC, and monocytes in the treatment groups in comparison with the control group. Lymphocytes showed significant decrease in groups of 100 and 200 mg/kg doses than the control group. The level of neutrophils showed significant increase in two treatment groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) than the control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the hydro-alcoholic extract of tarragon stimulates the production of neutrophils in this study which can be used as an immunostimulating agent

Carotenoid production by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UIMC35 and investigation of its antifungal effect on Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Mucor hiemalis

Background and Objectives: Carotenoids are an important group of natural pigments with specific applications as colorants, food supplements, and additives; they are also used in medicine, cosmetics, and biotechnological purposes. In this study, carotenoid production by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UIMC35 and its antifungal effect on Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Mucor hiemalis, were investigated.   Methods: In this semi-experimental research, yeast was isolated from different natural sources and identified by macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical tests. Then, yeast strain was identified using PCR technique. Carotenoids were extracted from the yeast strain by Davis method. After 48 hours, antifungal activity of the carotenoid, was determined against mold fungi according to growth inhibition percentage. The results were analyzed using estimated Kruskal-Wallis test.   Results: In this study, the isolated yeast strain was Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UIMC35. Growth inhibition percentage of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Mucor hiemalis, by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UIMC35 carotenoids was determined to be 76.19, 66.67, and 21.05, respectively.   Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UIMC35 isolated from soil in Isfahan, could produce high potency carotenoids and the extracted pigment had a significant inhibitory effect against the studied mold fungi. Therefore, further researches can provide the possibility of using Rhodotorula yeast in various fields, such as pharmacy, food Industry, and cosmetics.   &nbsp