Prospective Head and Neck Cancer Research: A Four‐Decade Bibliometric Perspective

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139977/1/onco0584.pd

Spectrum of immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced endocrinopathies in cancer patients: a scoping review of case reports

Abstract Background Since 2011 six immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been approved to treat patients with many advanced solid tumor and hematological malignancies to improve their prognosis. Case reports of their endocrine immune-related adverse events [irAEs]) are increasingly published as more real-world patients with these malignancies are treated with these drugs. They alert physicians of a drug’s AEs (which may change during a drug’s life cycle) and contribute to post-marketing safety surveillance. Using a modified framework of Arksey and O’Malley, we conducted a scoping review of the spectrum and characteristics of ICI-induced endocrinopathies case reports before and after ICIs are marketed. Methods In July 2017, we searched, without date and language restrictions, 4 citation databases for ICI-induced endocrinopathies. We also hand-searched articles’ references, contents of relevant journals, and ran supplemental searches to capture recent reports through January 2018. For this study, a case should have information on type of cancer, type of ICI, clinical presentation, biochemical tests, treatment plus temporal association of ICI initiation with endocrinopathies. Two endocrinologists independently extracted the data which were then summarized and categorized. Results One hundred seventy nine articles reported 451 cases of ICI-induced endocrinopathies - 222 hypopituitarism, 152 thyroid disorders, 66 diabetes mellitus, 6 primary adrenal insufficiencies, 1 ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome, 1 hypoparathyroidism and 3 diabetes insipidus cases. Their clinical presentations reflect hormone excess or deficiency. Some were asymptomatic and others life-threatening. One or more endocrine glands could be affected. Polyglandular endocrinopathies could present simultaneously or in sequence. Many occur within 5 months of therapy initiation; a few occurred after ICI was stopped. Mostly irreversible, they required long-term hormone replacement. High dose steroids were used when non-endocrine AEs coexisted or as therapy in adrenal insufficiency. There was variability of information in the case reports but all met the study criteria to make a diagnosis. Conclusions The spectrum of ICI-induced endocrinopathies is wide (5 glands affected) and their presentation varied (12 endocrinopathies). Clinical reasoning integrating clinical, biochemical and treatment information is needed to properly diagnose and manage them. Physicians should be vigilant for their occurrence and be able to diagnose, investigate and manage them appropriately at onset and follow-up.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147443/1/40842_2018_Article_73.pd

A Critical Assessment of the Oral Condition of the Crew of the Franklin Expedition + Supplementary Appendix 1 (See Article Tools)

Little is known about the fate of the crew of the Franklin expedition after they sailed from England in 1845. Scant physical evidence and limited Inuit testimony have fueled speculation that the crew had scurvy, had been poisoned by lead, or had botulism or tuberculosis. The Schwatka expedition (1878 – 80) documented that several Inuit families had observed sailors of the Franklin expedition dragging ship’s boats in Washington Bay on the southwest coast of King William Island, Nunavut, Canada. The Inuit reported that the men appeared thin and the mouths of some of them were hard, dry, and black. Many Franklin scholars believe from this description that the surviving crews were suffering from scurvy and possibly lead poisoning. Using a systematic review of the medical literature to assess the Inuit testimony, we reviewed 1718 citations. With this approach, we identified a new and plausible explanation for the wasting and oral conditions ascribed to some of the survivors. We believe that miliary tuberculosis resulting in adrenal insufficiency (or Addison’s disease) may have resulted in the oral and physical symptoms witnessed by the Inuit. Scurvy and lead exposure may have contributed to the pathogenesis of Addison’s disease, but the hypothesis is not wholly dependent on these conditions. The tuberculosis-Addison’s hypothesis results in a deeper understanding of one of the greatest mysteries of Arctic exploration.Nous savons peu de choses sur le destin des membres d’équipage de l’expédition Franklin, partie de l’Angleterre en 1845. Les preuves physiques insuffisantes et les témoignages restreints des Inuits ont alimenté des hypothèses selon lesquelles les membres de l’équipage auraient eu le scorbut, auraient été empoisonnés au plomb, ou encore, auraient été atteints de botulisme ou de tuberculose. Selon des documents de l’expédition Schwatka (1878-1880), plusieurs familles inuites auraient vu des marins de l’expédition Franklin en train de tirer des embarcations dans la baie de Washington, sur la côte sud-ouest de l’île King William, au Nunavut, Canada. Les Inuits auraient dit que les hommes étaient d’apparence maigre et que la bouche de certains était dure, sèche et noire. D’après cette description, de nombreux érudits spécialisés dans l’expédition Franklin en ont déduit que les membres d’équipage ayant survécu souffraient de scorbut, voire d’empoisonnement au plomb. Le dépouillement systématique de la documentation médicale visant à évaluer les témoignages des Inuits nous a permis de prendre connaissance de 1 718 citations. Grâce à cette démarche, nous avons découvert une nouvelle explication plausible au dépérissement et à l’état de la bouche attribués à certains survivants. Nous croyons que la tuberculose miliaire donnant lieu à une insuffisance surrénale (ou maladie d’Addison) pourrait avoir causé les symptômes buccaux et physiques décrits par les Inuits. Le scorbut et l’exposition au plomb pourraient avoir contribué à la pathogenèse de la maladie d’Addison, bien que l’hypothèse ne dépende pas entièrement de ces conditions. L’hypothèse de la tuberculose (maladie d’Addison) permet de mieux comprendre l’un des plus grands mystères de l’exploration de l’Arctique

Frequency and Effects of Search Strategy Characteristics on Relevant Article Retrieval in Systematic Reviews

Objectives To identify common characteristics of highly effective search strategies for a clinical systematic review topic. Methods Before attending an in-person systematic review workshop, participants asked to draft a reproducible search strategy based on a brief scenario and a research question from a published systematic review related to blood transfusion and radical prostatectomy. Participants are provided with three studies that were included in the published systematic review, but are not given the systematic review itself. The scenario proposes three commonly-requested limits: date range, inclusion of specific outcome, and human studies that participants can choose to apply or not. The submitted strategies are evaluated for reproducibility and effectiveness of retrieval of the 10 studies included in the published systematic review. Strategies were considered ”highly successful” if they returned all 10 included studies. We conducted a thematic analysis on the 14 highly successful strategies to identify common characteristics between them that could guide future searchers. Two studies were disproportionately missed by the other 98 search strategies, and their PubMed records were analyzed to identify what made them particularly challenging to find. We thank the MLA Research Training Institute for its training, support and encouragement to carry out this research. This project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services (RE-95-17- 0025-17). This study is IRB Exempt under HUM00128315.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/177126/1/Townsend_MLA2019_RTIPoster.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/177126/2/Townsend_MLA2019_RTIPoster.pptxDescription of Townsend_MLA2019_RTIPoster.pdf : Conference poster in pdf formatDescription of Townsend_MLA2019_RTIPoster.pptx : Conference poster in ppt formatSEL

Maternal leukocytosis after antenatal corticosteroid administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Although it is known that corticosteroid administration causes leukocytosis, the magnitude and length of time this leukocytosis persists is unknown during pregnancy. This study aimed to establish the expected range of maternal leukocytosis in healthy pregnant women at risk for preterm delivery after antenatal corticosteroid administration. PubMed, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to identify the studies in healthy women at risk for preterm delivery without signs of clinical infection that reported white blood cell values preceding and after antenatal corticosteroid administration. The inverse variance weighting technique was used to calculate the weighted means and the standard deviation from the mean for each time period. Six studies met inclusion criteria and included 524 patients and 1406 observations. Mean ± standard deviation maternal white blood cell count values prior to antenatal corticosteroid administration and up to 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after corticosteroid administration were 10.4 ± 2.4, 13.6 ± 3.6, 12.1 ± 3.0, 11.5 ± 2.9 and 11.1 ± 2.5 × 109/L, respectively. Leukocytosis in healthy, non-infected women is expected to peak 24 hours after antenatal corticosteroid administration and the magnitude of increase is small.Impact statement What is already known on this subject: While it is well known that administration of antenatal corticosteroids causes leukocytosis, it is currently unknown the magnitude and length of time the leukocytosis persists. What the results of this study add: This study establishes the expected range and the temporal progression and regression with antenatal corticosteroid administration in healthy pregnant women at risk for preterm delivery without clinical signs of infection. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: Clinicians may wish to consider further investigation into the clinical cause, whether infectious or non-infectious, for absolute values and changes outside this range

Common Barriers to Replicability and Retrieval in Systematic Review Search Strategies

Objective: To identify the most common elements of systematic review search strategies that affect the replicability of the search and the comprehensiveness of the retrieval. Methods: Participants from three cohorts of a systematic review-focused workshop were asked to draft a replicable search strategy based on a brief scenario and a research question from a published systematic review. Participants were provided with three studies that were included in the published systematic review, but not the original systematic review. The researchers in the scenario asked for three commonly-requested limits: date range, inclusion of specific outcome, and publication type. Participants were free to choose to apply these limits or none. Submitted strategies were evaluated by two blinded reviewers for replicability, use of search limits, retrieval of the three provided studies, and retrieval of all studies included in the published systematic review. This study received exemption status from the Institutional Review Board.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/177127/1/MLA2018_CapstoneAnalysis_Paper.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/177127/2/MLA2018_CapstoneAnalysis_Paper.pptxDescription of MLA2018_CapstoneAnalysis_Paper.pdf : Conference paper in pdf formatDescription of MLA2018_CapstoneAnalysis_Paper.pptx : Conference paper in ppt formatSEL

A competency framework for librarians involved in systematic reviews

Objective: The project identified a set of core competencies for librarians who are involved in systematic reviews. Methods: A team of seven informationists with broad systematic review experience examined existing systematic review standards, conducted a literature search, and used their own expertise to identify core competencies and skills that are necessary to undertake various roles in systematic review projects. Results: The team identified a total of six competencies for librarian involvement in systematic reviews: “Systematic review foundations,” “Process management and communication,” “Research methodology,” “Comprehensive searching,” “Data management,” and “Reporting.” Within each competency are the associated skills and knowledge pieces (indicators). Competence can be measured using an adaptation of Miller’s Pyramid for Clinical Assessment, either through self-assessment or identification of formal assessment instruments. Conclusions: The Systematic Review Competencies Framework provides a standards-based, flexible way for librarians and organizations to identify areas of competence and areas in need of development to build capacity for systematic review integration. The framework can be used to identify or develop appropriate assessment tools and to target skill development opportunities