<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"> The Survey of Microbial Quality of the Dry Sample, Extract and Brewing of some Medicinal Plants </span></p>

<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; letter-spacing: -.2pt">Medicinal plants may be exposed to a wide range of microbial contamination during pre- and post- harvest stages and they can present high microbial counts. In this study, the microbial quality of 44 samples of dry herbs namely: mint (<i>Mentha</i>spp.), lemon balm (<i>Melissa officinalis</i>), summer savory (<i>Satureja hortensis</i>), zataria (<i>Zataria multiflora</i>), Indian valerian (<i>Valeriana wallichii</i>), their brewing and extracts were analyzed. Total count using plat</span><span lang="RO" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; letter-spacing: -.2pt">e</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; letter-spacing: -.2pt"> count agar medium (PCA), coliform count by Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBL), Enterobacteriacea by Violet Red Bile Glucose (VRBG) were evaluated. Medium Baird-Parker agar (BP) medium and Tryptone Bile X-Gluc (TBX) medium were used for the isolation and enumeration of <i>Staphylococcus aurous</i> and <i>E. coli </i>spp. respectively. Furthermore, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar medium (XLD) and Bismuth Sulfite Agar medium</span><span lang="EN-GB" dir="RTL" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; letter-spacing: -.2pt"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; letter-spacing: -.2pt">(BSA) were used for detection of <i>Salmonella </i>spp. Fungal and mold contamination was assessed using yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar. The results showed that the contamination of the samples with total count (100%) and Enterobacteriaceae (85%), total coliform (83%), mold and yeast (98%) and <i>E. coli </i>ssp. (2.27) were detected, including in the study samples the absence of pathogenic bacteria like <i>Staphylococcus aurous</i>, <i>Salmonella </i>spp. Moreover, the extract had a lower microbial load in comparison to dry herb samples. Also, the lowest and the highest of contamination rates were observed for Indian valerian and zataria, respectively. According to the results, there is a need to control the environmental conditions and improve hygiene in the production process; even more, it is recommended to choose a suitable decontamination method for disinfection during packing medicinal plants and during post-packing manipulation and transport

&lt;span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman"&gt; The Survey of Microbial Quality of the Dry Sample, Extract and Brewing of some Medicinal Plants &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Medicinal plants may be exposed to a wide range of microbial contamination during pre- and post- harvest stages and they can present high microbial counts. In this study, the microbial quality of 44 samples of dry herbs namely: mint (Menthaspp.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), summer savory (Satureja hortensis), zataria (Zataria multiflora), Indian valerian (Valeriana wallichii), their brewing and extracts were analyzed. Total count using plate count agar medium (PCA), coliform count by Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBL), Enterobacteriacea by Violet Red Bile Glucose (VRBG) were evaluated. Medium Baird-Parker agar (BP) medium and Tryptone Bile X-Gluc (TBX) medium were used for the isolation and enumeration of Staphylococcus aurous and E. coli spp. respectively. Furthermore, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar medium (XLD) and Bismuth Sulfite Agar medium(BSA) were used for detection of Salmonella spp. Fungal and mold contamination was assessed using yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar. The results showed that the contamination of the samples with total count (100%) and Enterobacteriaceae (85%), total coliform (83%), mold and yeast (98%) and E. coli ssp. (2.27) were detected, including in the study samples the absence of pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aurous, Salmonella spp. Moreover, the extract had a lower microbial load in comparison to dry herb samples. Also, the lowest and the highest of contamination rates were observed for Indian valerian and zataria, respectively. According to the results, there is a need to control the environmental conditions and improve hygiene in the production process; even more, it is recommended to choose a suitable decontamination method for disinfection during packing medicinal plants and during post-packing manipulation and transport

The Investigation of Decontamination Effects of Ozone Gas on Microbial Load and Essential Oil of Several Medicinal Plants

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #211d1e; line-height: 115%; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Today, Ozone as a disinfectant method, without putting on the harmful effects on human and plant products, it is alternative common methods for disinfection of plant material. The research as a factorial experiment was conducted on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications and the effects of Ozone gas on decreasing the microbial load of some important medicinal plants include: Peppermint (</span></span><span style="color: #211d1e; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Garamond Premr Pro&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Garamond Premr Pro&quot;; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Mentha piperita</span><span style="color: #211d1e; line-height: 115%; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">), Summer savory (</span></span><span style="color: #211d1e; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Garamond Premr Pro&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Garamond Premr Pro&quot;; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Satureja hortensis</span><span style="color: #211d1e; line-height: 115%; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">), Indian valerian(</span></span><span style="color: #211d1e; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Garamond Premr Pro&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Garamond Premr Pro&quot;; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Valeriana wallichii</span><span style="color: #211d1e; line-height: 115%; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">), Meliss (</span></span><span style="color: #211d1e; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Garamond Premr Pro&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Garamond Premr Pro&quot;; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Melissa officinalis</span><span style="color: #211d1e; line-height: 115%; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">) and Iranian thyme (</span></span><span style="color: #211d1e; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Garamond Premr Pro&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Garamond Premr Pro&quot;; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Zataria multiflora</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #211d1e; line-height: 115%; font-size: 10pt;">) were investigated. Medicinal plants leaves were treated with Ozone gas concentration 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 ml/L at times of 10 and 30 then total count, coliform and mold and yeast of the samples were studied. The result showed that Ozone gas decreases microbial load of medicinal plants samples. But Ozone gas and Ozone gas in medicinal plants interaction effect had no effect on essential oil content. The lowest and the highest of microbial load were detected in samples treated with concentration of 0.9 ml/L of Ozone gas and control respectively. The highest and the lowest of microbial load were observed in Iranian thyme and Indian valerian respectively. Also result showed that Ozone gas treatment for 30 min had the greatest of effect in reducing the microbial load and 0.9 ml/L Ozone gas concentration had the lowest of microbial load. Results of this survey reflect that the use of Ozone as a method of disinfection for medicinal plants is a decontamination.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span

The Investigation of Decontamination Effects of Ozone Gas on Microbial Load and Essential Oil of Several Medicinal Plants

Today, Ozone as a disinfectant method, without putting on the harmful effects on human and plant products, it is alternative common methods for disinfection of plant material. The research as a factorial experiment was conducted on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications and the effects of Ozone gas on decreasing the microbial load of some important medicinal plants include: Peppermint (Mentha piperita), Summer savory (Satureja hortensis), Indian valerian(Valeriana wallichii), Meliss (Melissa officinalis) and Iranian thyme (Zataria multiflora) were investigated. Medicinal plants leaves were treated with Ozone gas concentration 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 ml/L at times of 10 and 30 then total count, coliform and mold and yeast of the samples were studied. The result showed that Ozone gas decreases microbial load of medicinal plants samples. But Ozone gas and Ozone gas in medicinal plants interaction effect had no effect on essential oil content. The lowest and the highest of microbial load were detected in samples treated with concentration of 0.9 ml/L of Ozone gas and control respectively. The highest and the lowest of microbial load were observed in Iranian thyme and Indian valerian respectively. Also result showed that Ozone gas treatment for 30 min had the greatest of effect in reducing the microbial load and 0.9 ml/L Ozone gas concentration had the lowest of microbial load. Results of this survey reflect that the use of Ozone as a method of disinfection for medicinal plants is a decontamination