18 research outputs found

    Appropriation et organisation de l’espace forestier dans le Kodagu (Coorg), montagne du Sud de l’Inde.

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    International audienceL'appropriation du milieu forestier dans le district de Kodagu permet de comprendre, par une succession d'adaptations aux conditions, l'organisation actuelle de l'espace forestier en fonction des choix et motivations de ses utilisateurs - quasi monoculture d'essences forestiÚres à haute valeur commerciale, plantation de caféiers, utilisation des produits forstiers secondaires limitée à un espace. Le capital arboré est modifié mais est à l'origine d'une dynamique spatiale dans l'écosystÚme habité

    Les processus de patrimonialisation de la nature dans le Kodagu (Inde) : pluralités, imbrications, contradictions

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    SituĂ© dans la partie centrale de la chaĂźne des GhĂąts occidentaux du sud de l’Inde, le Kodagu appartient Ă  l’une de ces 34 rĂ©gions du globe, identifiĂ©es comme points chauds de biodiversitĂ©. De fait, les richesses biologiques de ce petit district de l’État du Karnataka sont considĂ©rĂ©es comme faisant partie de ce bien commun de l’humanitĂ© que constitue la biodiversitĂ©. La patrimonialisation y apparaĂźt toutefois comme un processus multiforme, rĂ©vĂ©lant de multiples imbrications entre les diffĂ©rents mouvements Ă  l’Ɠuvre. En effet, outre le classement en aires protĂ©gĂ©es d’une partie de l’espace forestier (parc national, rĂ©serve de biosphĂšre, rĂ©serves de faune), on assiste Ă  diverses formes de mise en patrimoine oĂč les Ă©lĂ©ments de nature sont Ă©troitement liĂ©s Ă  la culture. Des bois sacrĂ©s (devarakadu) aux paysages de la cafĂ©iculture, les objets concernĂ©s sont de plus en plus nombreux et variĂ©s. PortĂ©s par des acteurs aux ambitions distinctes, voire contradictoires, ces projets, souvent sources de conflits, sont rĂ©vĂ©lateurs de la pluralitĂ© des regards portĂ©s sur la nature. En explorant en particulier les enjeux relatifs Ă  la nomination au patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco d’un bien en sĂ©rie rĂ©parti le long de la chaĂźne des GhĂąts occidentaux, cet article met en Ă©vidence non seulement le manque de concertation, mais aussi l’absence d’une vision territoriale intĂ©gratrice dans la mise en Ɠuvre des initiatives de protection et de valorisation des richesses naturelles.Located in the middle part of the south-indian Western Ghats, Kodagu District of Karnataka State belongs to one of the 34 global biodiversity hotspots. Its biological richness is therefore considered as part of the world common goods that is biodiversity. Nonetheless, the processes of making natural objects part of heritage are coming up under different forms that are often overlapping. Indeed, behind the protected areas (such as National Parks, Biosphere Reserves, Sanctuaries), the number of concerned objects are increasing and getting a more cultural dimension. Their abundance varies from sacred groves (devarakadu) to coffee plantation landscapes. These initiatives are brought up by actors with different intents and can result in conflicts. Besides, they reveal the different perceptions of nature by the stakeholders. This article explores particularly the recent controversy in relation to the application for the nomination of a serial property, made of seven sub-clusters along the Western Ghats, as a UnescoWorld Heritage Site. It shows up not only the lack of consideration of the local context but also the absence of a territorial and integrated conception of the different initiatives for the protection and the enhancement of the natural resources value

    Les processus de patrimonialisation de la nature dans le Kodagu (Inde) : pluralités, imbrications, contradictions

    No full text
    Located in the middle part of the south-indian Western Ghats, Kodagu District of Karnataka State belongs to one of the 34 global biodiversity hotspots. Its biological richness is therefore considered as part of the world common goods that is biodiversity. Nonetheless, the processes of making natural objects part of heritage are coming up under different forms that are often overlapping. Indeed, behind the protected areas (such as National Parks, Biosphere Reserves, Sanctuaries), the number of concerned objects are increasing and getting a more cultural dimension. Their abundance varies from sacred groves (devarakadu) to coffee plantation landscapes. These initiatives are brought up by actors with different intents and can result in conflicts. Besides, they reveal the different perceptions of nature by the stakeholders. This article explores particularly the recent controversy in relation to the application for the nomination of a serial property, made of seven sub-clusters along the Western Ghats, as a UnescoWorld Heritage Site. It shows up not only the lack of consideration of the local context but also the absence of a territorial and integrated conception of the different initiatives for the protection and the enhancement of the natural resources value

    GhĂąts

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    International audienceno abstrac

    Écologisation des arbres dans les agroforĂȘts des GhĂąts occidentaux (Inde)

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    International audienceInhabited for over 12,000 years, the forested Western Ghats landscapes are an interesting object of study for understanding how environmentalist discourse about the tree is currently articulated with the farmers’ discourse about the tree resource. Analysis of ways to conceive trees and their uses and the evolution of those conceptions, of the rules for access to the resource tree and of tree management practices was conducted based on 1 / field observations supplemented by surveys of farmers valuing the tree resource, and on 2 / study of reserved forest management plans, forest surveys and forest legislation. This work shows that farmers make a distinction in their agroforests between what they describe as “forest trees” on the one hand and as “their trees” on the other. The analysis of forest policy helps to understand that this way of qualifying the trees is the result of bringing forward the environmental agenda by the forestry administration, and of the integration of this agenda by the people who depend on tree resource in their daily lives. In the speech, the majority of farmers mobilizes the ecological argument in particular to justify the ban on cutting “forest trees”, but they do not forget social and economic values of those trees.HabitĂ©s depuis plus de 12 000 ans, les paysages arborĂ©s des GhĂąts occidentaux constituent un objet d’étude intĂ©ressant pour comprendre comment, de nos jours, le discours Ă©cologiste Ă  propos de l’arbre s’articule avec celui des agriculteurs sur la ressource arborĂ©e. L’analyse des maniĂšres de concevoir les arbres et leurs usages, de l’évolution de celles-ci et des modalitĂ©s d’accĂšs Ă  la ressource arborĂ©e ainsi que des pratiques de gestion des arbres a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă  partir 1/ d’observations de terrain associĂ©es Ă  des enquĂȘtes auprĂšs d’agriculteurs valorisant la ressource arborĂ©e, et 2/ de l’étude des plans de gestion des forĂȘts rĂ©servĂ©es, des inventaires forestiers et de la lĂ©gislation forestiĂšre. Ce travail montre que les agriculteurs font la distinction au sein de leurs agroforĂȘts entre ce qu’ils qualifient d’« arbres forestiers » d’une part et « leurs arbres » d’autre part. L’analyse des politiques forestiĂšres permet de comprendre que cette maniĂšre de qualifier les arbres est le rĂ©sultat de la mise en avant de l’agenda environnemental par l’administration forestiĂšre, et de l’intĂ©gration de cet agenda par les populations qui dĂ©pendent de la ressource arborĂ©e dans leur quotidien. Dans le discours, la majoritĂ© des agriculteurs mobilisent l’argument Ă©cologique en particulier pour justifier l’interdiction de couper les arbres qualifiĂ©s de « forestiers », mais ils n’en oublient pas pour autant leurs valeurs sociales et Ă©conomiques

    Écologisation des arbres dans les agroforĂȘts des GhĂąts occidentaux (Inde)

    No full text
    Inhabited for over 12,000 years, the forested Western Ghats landscapes are an interesting object of study for understanding how environmentalist discourse about the tree is currently articulated with the farmers’ discourse about the tree resource. Analysis of ways to conceive trees and their uses and the evolution of those conceptions, of the rules for access to the resource tree and of tree management practices was conducted based on 1 / field observations supplemented by surveys of farmers valuing the tree resource, and on 2 / study of reserved forest management plans, forest surveys and forest legislation. This work shows that farmers make a distinction in their agroforests between what they describe as “forest trees” on the one hand and as “their trees” on the other. The analysis of forest policy helps to understand that this way of qualifying the trees is the result of bringing forward the environmental agenda by the forestry administration, and of the integration of this agenda by the people who depend on tree resource in their daily lives. In the speech, the majority of farmers mobilizes the ecological argument in particular to justify the ban on cutting “forest trees”, but they do not forget social and economic values of those trees

    Cohabiter avec la grande faune dans le sud de l’Inde : opportunitĂ© ou menace ?

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    International audienceIn Southern India, the Western Ghats Mountains, shelter most of the forests of the southern part of the country and are a preferential place for the wildlife. Ecologists consider these forests as a heritage to preserve and they try to protect and restore the wildlife as a marker of ecosystems. Present public policies attempt, but slowly, to involve local population in the protection of environment. But the limitations of those policies become evident when farmers have to coexist with a wildlife destroying their crops. The farmers suffering wildlife damages don’t receive any financial compensation, and tend to gradually modify their cropping patterns. This paper intends to discuss to what extent this threatened nature can be considered as dangerous and detrimental by the local people. To limit the debate to a question of endangered species doesn’t reassess the choice made by societies based on the paradigm of a fundamental distinction between nature and culture.En Inde du sud la chaĂźne de montagnes des GhĂąts occidentaux, qui abrite l’essentiel des forĂȘts de la partie mĂ©ridionale du pays, est un habitat privilĂ©giĂ© pour la grande faune. Les Ă©cologues perçoivent celle-ci comme un patrimoine Ă  protĂ©ger, marqueur d’écosystĂšmes qu’ils tentent de prĂ©server et de restaurer. Actuellement les politiques adoptĂ©es visent encore timidement, Ă  impliquer les populations locales dans la protection de l’environnement. Mais elles atteignent leurs limites quand les villageois doivent cohabiter au quotidien avec une faune sauvage qui dĂ©truit leurs cultures sans qu’ils puissent gĂ©nĂ©ralement obtenir de compensations, ce qui les pousse peu Ă  peu Ă  modifier leurs pratiques. L’objectif est ici de montrer que cette nature menacĂ©e peut ĂȘtre vĂ©cue comme dangereuse et nuisible par les populations locales, et que la limitation du dĂ©bat Ă  la question des espĂšces en danger ne remet pas en question les choix de sociĂ©tĂ© basĂ©s sur le paradigme d’une distinction fondamentale entre nature et culture

    Mener une thĂšse de gĂ©ographie en Cifre au sein d’un projet de recherche pluridisciplinaire et multi-partenarial

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    International audienceAs part of a contemporary movement to produce knowledge on the plurality of research contexts and practices, particularly in the humanities and social sciences, we propose in this article to examine a singular context for learning the practice of research in geography. Through the experience of a doctoral student who is completing his thesis as part of a Convention industrielle de formation par la recherche (Cifre) scheme and multi-disciplinary, multi-partner project-based research, the authors look at the specific features of research practices and adaptations in this working context. The doctoral student then asks himself to what extent his doctoral research topic has been inspired and energised by this multidisciplinary study of the savannahs in the lowlands of western RĂ©union. A reflective approach was needed to investigate the posture of the Cifre researcher, and the methods and tools used to adapt to a situation of applied and involved research.Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)Inscrits dans un mouvement contemporain de production de connaissances sur la pluralitĂ© des contextes et des pratiques de recherche et notamment en Sciences humaines et sociales, nous proposons dans cet article d’interroger un contexte singulier d’apprentissage de la pratique de recherche en gĂ©ographie. À travers le dĂ©veloppement de l’expĂ©rience d’un doctorant qui rĂ©alise sa thĂšse dans le cadre d’un dispositif de Convention industrielle de formation par la recherche (Cifre) et d’une recherche pluridisciplinaire et multi-partenariale sur projet, les auteurs apprĂ©hendent les spĂ©cificitĂ©s particuliĂšres ou non des pratiques de recherche et des adaptations dans ce contexte de travail. A la suite, le doctorant se demande dans quelle mesure son sujet de recherche doctorale a Ă©tĂ© inspirĂ© et dynamisĂ© par cette Ă©tude pluridisciplinaire menĂ©e sur les savanes des bas de l’ouest rĂ©unionnais. Une approche rĂ©flexive a Ă©tĂ© nĂ©cessaire pour investiguer la posture du chercheur en Cifre, les mĂ©thodes et les outils mobilisĂ©s pour s’adapter Ă  une situation de recherche appliquĂ©e et impliquĂ©e
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