Common bean seeds treatment with Trichoderma for controlling Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli.

The objective of this study was to evaluate Trichoderma harzianum isolates (CEN287, CEN288, CEN289, CEN290,CEN316) as biological control agents of F. oxysporum in seeds

Foliar application of Trichoderma for the control of white mold in common bean.

The objective of this study was to evaluate Trichoderma harzianum isolates (CEN287, CEN288, CEN289, CEN290 e CEN316), for the control of white mold of common bean cv. Perola, under field conditions.Pôster

Efeito do sal no desempenho de um reator batelada sequencial

Neste trabalho investigou-se o desempenho de um Reator Batelada Sequencial no tratamento de efluentes salinos (0,5 a 6,0%) utilizando uma estratégia de enchimento por pulsos simétricos. Verificou-se que com a estratégia adotada se obtiveram elevadas porcentagens de remoção de amónia (acima de 70%) evidenciando a elevada eficiência do reator batelada sequencial no processo de nitrificação. Contudo, para 0,5 e 1,0% de sal a remoção de amónia diminuiu indicando que a influência do choque de adição de sal é maior no início da etapa de aclimatação da biomassa. Apesar de ter sido observado um aumento da concentração de biomassa dentro do reator durante o período estudado, as porcentagens de remoção de DQO diminuíram com o aumento da concentração de sal no efluente, apontando um efeito inibitório do sal. A diminuição do IVL com o aumento da concentração de sal indica a sedimentação dos flocos menos compactos, enquanto que o aumento da turbidez demonstra uma maior quantidade de sólidos suspensos no efluente tratado.The work aims to evaluate a Sequencing Batch Reactor performance treating with saline wastewater (0,5 to 6,0%) employing a filling strategy with symmetric pulses. It was verified that the adopted operational strategy provides ammoniacal nitrogen removal rates over than 70%, demonstrating the high efficiency of this reactor in the nitrification process. Nevertheless, amonia removal rate lowered for 0,5 and 1,0% NaCl, indicating that the influence of salt addition is more significant in the early biomass acclimation stages. Although it was observed an increase in biomass concentration inside the reactor along the operation period, the removal indexes for COD diminishes with salt concentration increase, denoting somehow an inhibitory effect. Lower SVI were achieved with an increase in salt concentration leading to the settling of less compact sludge, while higher turbidity reveals na increase in the suspended solids in the treated effluent

Ventilação não invasiva com pressão positiva intermitente - experiência de 7 anos

Introduction: Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is a non invasive ventilation method that combines the benefits of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and the cycles of positive pressure. Objectives: Description of the NIPPV experience in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: A descriptive study of newborns ventilated with NIPPV, from January 2002 to December 2008. Were considered two groups: the first group had mechanical ventilation before NIPPV, and in the second group the initial method was non-invasive ventilation. These 2 groups were subdivided: Group 1: sub-group A, NIPPV immediately after weaning and sub- group B, NIPPV after mechanical ventilation followed by NCPAP. The group 2 was sub-divided in sub-group C, NIPPV after NCPAP, and sub-group D, NIPPV as the initial mode of ventilation. Results: In group 1 we analysed 79 cycles of ventilation with 89% of success and in group 2 55 cycles, with 69% of success. Newborns in group 1 had a median weight of 925g and gestational age of 27 weeks and the group 2 had 1350g and 30 weeks, respectively. Conclusions: NIPPV was used mainly after conventional ventilation in lighter and immature babies, without relevant complications

SBR performance for synthetic and fishery wastewater treatment

The evaluation of a SBR performance treating synthetic and fishery wastewater was performed. Without salt addition, COD and ammonia removal rates over than 50% were obtained, indicating the occurrence of the first nitrification step and COD removal. With 0.5% salt, removal rates lower than 60% were attained, for ammonia removal efficiency probably due to ionic strength changes and cellular plasmolysis leading to inactivation of the nitrification organisms. The SBR performance was greater for synthetic wastewater, due to the inherent and controlled characteristics. For both, lower SVI were achieved as a valuable indicator towards the assessment of the aggregated biomass structure.National Council of Scientific and Technological Development of Brazil (CNPq); BIEURAM III ALFA co-operation project (European Commission)

DRIS standards for nutritional evaluation of Phaseolus vulgaris in Cerrado, Goiás State, Brazil.

The knowledge of nutritional requirements of beans, the efficiency of soil acidity correction and the fertilization programs are essential to increase productivity. The Integrated Recommendation and Diagnosis System (DRIS) assists with nutritional diagnosis of cultivated plants based on existing interactions between nutrients and the hierarchizing of limitations. This study aimed at establishing standards using the DRIS method for areas of production of irrigated common beans and at determining the most limiting nutritional factors to production using leaf analyses interpreted by concentration ranges and DRIS. Eighteen different beanproducing areas were selected in a central pivot irrigation system, from which 82 sampling points were established to collect leaves of crop and determine their nutritional contents. The reference population had productivity of over 3,000 kg ha- 1. Using DRIS, we determined that phosphorus is the most limiting nutrient regarding its deficiency, with great sensitivity to diagnose nutritional problems of plants, especially micronutrients. Phosphorus (68.3%), molybdenum (65.9%), iron (64.6 %) and sodium (63.4%) and are nutrients with highest percentage of samples presenting levels below adequate according to sufficiency ranges for plants. Using DRIS, we can evaluate interactions among nutrients and determine of the magnitude of crop nutritional limitation whether due to deficiency or excess. These results may indicate which nutrients are limiting the crop productive capacity, allowing greater efficiency in its correction in soil

Study of saline wastewater influence on activated sludge flocs through automated image analysis

BACKGROUND: In activated sludge systems, sludge settling ability is considered a critical step in effluent quality and determinant of solid-liquid separation processes. However, few studies have reported the influence of saline wastewater on activated sludge. This work aims the evaluation of settling ability properties of microbial aggregates in a sequencing batch reactor treating saline wastewaters of up to 60 g L-1 NaCl, by image analysis procedures. RESULTS: It was found that the sludge volume index (SVI) decreased with salt content up to 20 g L-1, remaining somewhat stable above this value. Furthermore, it was found that between the first salt concentration (5 g L-1) and 20 g L-1 aggregates suffered a strong deflocculation phenomenon, leading to a heavy loss of aggregated biomass. Regarding SVI prediction ability, a good correlation coefficient of 0.991 between observed and predicted SVI values was attained. CONCLUSION: From this work the deflocculation of aggregated biomass with salt addition due to pinpoint floc formation, dispersed bacteria growth and protozoa absence could be established. With respect to SVI estimation, and despite the good correlation obtained, caution is advisable given the low number of SVI data points.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)ALFA cooperation project BIEURAM III (European Commission)CNPq (Brazil

Environmental impact and biological removal processes of pharmaceutically active compounds: The particular case of sulfonamides, anticonvulsants and steroid estrogens

Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have recently received wide attention in the scientific community due to their extensive consumption for human health and consequent discharge to the environment. Release of PhACs into the environment, even in trace amounts, can cause serious environmental damage. This has become a major concern and their removal from water sources is a priority. Although a few PhACs are efficiently removed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), others remain recalcitrant, and their release is causing damage. In this review, the current state of the art on the biological removal processes of sulfonamide sulfamethoxazole (SMX), the anticonvulsant carbamazepine (CBZ), and steroid estrogens 17-estradiol (E2) and 17-ethinylestradiol (EE2) are discussed, along with their environmental impact. Other systems beyond activated sludge, such as membrane bioreactors, enzymatic membrane reactors, fungi treatments and hybrid systems are also becoming of major interest and are being evaluated for the removal of these compounds. Future perspectives are addressed.Cristiano Leal is recipient of a fellowship supported by a doctoral advanced training (call NORTE-69-2015-15) funded by the European Social Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. The authors thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469 unit, COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Physiological and biochemical responses of sugarcane varieties to salt stress.

Salt stress is one of the most limiting environmental factors for agricultural yields in the Semiarid region of Brazil. Considering the expansion of areas with sugarcane crops in this region, the selection of more adapted plant varieties to this environment is an essential tool for the sustainability of this activity. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of plants of ten sugarcane varieties to salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized block design, in a 6×10 factorial arrangement consisting of six salinity levels in the irrigation water (0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 dS m-1) and ten sugarcane varieties (VAT 90212, RB 72454, RB 867515, Q 124, RB 961003, RB 957508, SP 791011, RB 835089, RB 92579, and SP 943206), with three replications. Salt waters were applied every two days to increase the soil moisture to field capacity and promote leaching. The gas exchange, chlorophyll content, and total soluble and reducing sugars of leaves were evaluated at 90 days after planting. The highest chlorophyll contents were found in plants of the varieties Q 124, RB 96103, RB 835089, and SP 943206. The effect of salinity on the sugarcane plants affected their leaf gas exchanges and total soluble and reducing sugar contents, denoting the adaptability of plants to the stress conditions evaluated. The decrease of stomatal conductance resulted in decreases in photosynthetic rates in plants of all sugarcane varieties evaluated, except for RB 86751