Experimental characterization of continuous-variable entanglement

We present an experimental analysis of quadrature entanglement produced from a pair of amplitude squeezed beams. The correlation matrix of the state is characterized within a set of reasonable assumptions, and the strength of the entanglement is gauged using measures of the degree of inseparability and the degree of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox. We introduce controlled decoherence in the form of optical loss to the entangled state, and demonstrate qualitative differences in the response of the degrees of inseparability and EPR paradox to this loss. The entanglement is represented on a photon number diagram that provides an intuitive and physically relevant description of the state. We calculate efficacy contours for several quantum information protocols on this diagram, and use them to predict the effectiveness of our entanglement in those protocols

Substituent effects on the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of 4-aminobiphenyl and 4-aminostilbene derivatives

4-Amino-4'-substituted biphenyls and 4-aminostilbenes substituted in the 3' or 4' position were studied for their in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity. The in vitro mutagenicity of the biphenyls with and without S9 activation was established with Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 and that of the stilbenes with the same strains plus TA98/1,8-DNP6. The in vivo genotoxicity assay with both series of compounds was for chromosomal aberrations in the bone-marrow cells of mice following intraperitoneal administration of the chemicals. Hammett values of substituents, partition coefficients and frontier orbital energies (ELUMO and EHOMO) of the compounds were used for correlations with mutagenicity. The Salmonella mutagenicity in TA98 and TA98/1,8-DNP6 with S9 was correlated to Hammett [sigma]+ values for the 4-aminostilbene substituents, showing a strong trend of increasing mutagenicity with an increase in the electron-withdrawing capability of the substituent. Hydrophobicity of the stilbenes, however, had little effect on their relative mutagenicity. The 4-aminobiphenyls showed a correlation between their mutagenicity and Hammett [sigma]+ values of their 4'-substituents in stain TA98 with S9, although the trend was not as strong as for the stilbenes. But unlike the stilbenes, TA98 mutagenicity of the biphenyls could also be correlated to hydrophobicity, and structure-activity correlations for the biphenyls was substantially improved when both [sigma]+ and hydrophobicity data were included. For strain TA100 with S9, little correlation was found between mutagenicity of the stilbenes and any of, the parameters. However, a limited correlation did exist between the mutagenicity of the biphenyls and their hydrophobicity. There was also limited correlations of the mutagenicity for the stilbenes in TA98 and TA98/1,8-DNP6 with S9 to ELUMO or EHOMO. The in vivo genotoxicity results for the biphenyls and stilbenes could not be correlated to electronic effects as for the in vitro results, nor could they be explained by hydrophobicity. However, it is interesting to note that 3'-substituted 4-aminostilbenes were all substantially more genotoxic in vivo than their corresponding 4'-substituted counterparts. The most genotoxic compound in vivo in either series was 4-aminostilbene which would not have been predicted from the in vitro results.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/31865/1/0000815.pd

Application of Lesquerella Oil in Industrial Coatings

Lesquerella oil (LO), a C20 triglyceride homologue of castor oil, is obtained from the seeds of Lesquerella fendleri. LO is being evaluated as a potential castor oil substitute. Novel polyesters containing LO have been synthesized and evaluated. Moreover, the functional LO polyesters have been used in the preparation of polyester-polyurethanes which have subsequently been evaluated for their performance as coatings compositions of high quality

Air-Dry Primer Coatings from Dehydrated Lesquerella Oil

Lesquerella oil (LO), a domestic vegetable oil of hydroxy fatty acid content, was dehydrated (DLO) and the product used to synthesize oil modified polyesters. The polyesters were comparatively evaluated with analogous dehydrated castor oil (DCO) polyesters. Accordingly, polyesters were synthesized from DLO and DCO, and subsequently formulated into air-drying, anti-corrosive primers for evaluation. The DLO and DCO coatings gave comparable pencil hardness, adhesion, and UV resistant properties. However, DLO derived coatings showed reduced drying time, superior flexibility, and corrosion resistance in comparison to a DCO counterpart. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V

Ultraviolet-inactivation of conidia from heterokaryons of Neurospora crassa containing uv-sensitive mutations

From 7th neurospora information conference; Asilomar, California, USA (25 Mar 1974). The effect of three uv-sensitive mutations of Neurospora crassa, upr-1, uvs-4 and uvs-6, on the ultraviolet-inactivation of conidia from two- component heterokaryons was investigated. In twocomponent heterokaryons with wild-type sensitivity to radiation inactivation, all three conidial fractions exhibited similar ultraviolet-inactivation curves. Each uv-sensitive mutation studied uniquely modified the ultraviolet-inactivation curves of conidia from two- component heterokaryons. In heterokaryons heterokaryotic for upr-1, the upr-1 mutation was recessive and the repair function determined by the wild-type allele was functional to some degree in homokaryotic upr-1 conidia. All three conidial fractions of heterokaryons containing upr-1 in both components showed increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light. The uvs-4 mutation was recessive and resulted in conidia with increased uv-sensitivity only when included in both components of a heterokaryon. Homokaryotic uvs-4 conidia, which arose from heterokaryons containing both uvs-4 and wild-type components, exhibited wild-type survival. Therefore, as with upr-1, there was a carryover of the repair capability to conidia which were genetically uv-sensitive. The uvs-6 mutation, when included in one component of a two-component heterokaryon, resulted in increased uv- sensitivity of both heterokaryotic and homokaryotic uvs-6 conidia. When both components contained uvs-6, the uv-sensitivity of all three conidial fractions was increased and all showed similar inactivation curves. Thus, as with upr-1 and uvs-4, there was a carryover of the wildtype repair capability to geneticaily uvs-6 conidia. Heterokaryon tests for complementation between two non-allelic uv- sensitive mutations showed that in heterokaryotic conidia, complete complementation occurred between upr-1 and uvs-4. (auth