The infrared structure of e+ e- --> 3 jets at NNLO reloaded

This paper gives detailed information on the structure of the infrared singularities for the process e+ e- --> 3 jets at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbation theory. Particular emphasis is put on singularities associated to soft gluons. The knowledge of the singularity structure allows the construction of appropriate subtraction terms, which in turn can be implemented into a numerical Monte Carlo program.Comment: 59 pages, additional comments added, version to be publishe

A novel subtraction scheme for double-real radiation at NNLO

A general subtraction scheme, STRIPPER (SecToR Improved Phase sPacE for real Radiation), is derived for the evaluation of next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD contributions from double-real radiation to processes with at least two particles in the final state at leading order. The result is a Laurent expansion in the parameter of dimensional regularization, the coefficients of which should be evaluated by numerical Monte Carlo integration. The two main ideas are a two-level decomposition of the phase space, the second one factorizing the singular limits of amplitudes, and a suitable parameterization of the kinematics allowing for derivation of subtraction and integrated subtraction terms from eikonal factors and splitting functions without non-trivial analytic integration.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, matches published version, includes new name for the scheme, extended discussion of massless final states, and some new reference

The Effect of Vascular Risk Factors on the Efficacy of Rivastigmine Patch and Capsule Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease

Background: Vascular risk factors (VRF) may influence response to rivastigmine in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: AD patients who participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of rivastigmine patch and capsule treatment were stratified by baseline VRF status. Treatment response was evaluated using the AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), AD Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change (ADCS-CGIC) and the AD Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) scale. Results: ADAS-cog scores significantly improved in all rivastigmine-treated patients (p Conclusion: VRF may influence AD progression and response to rivastigmine

Role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal CA1 oriens-lacunosum moleculare interneurons

Some interneurons of the hippocampus exhibit NMDA receptor-independent long-term potentiation (LTP) that is induced by presynaptic glutamate release when the postsynaptic membrane potential is hyperpolarized. This "anti-Hebbian" form of LTP is prevented by postsynaptic depolarization or by blocking AMPA and kainate receptors. Although both AMPA and kainate receptors are expressed in hippocampal interneurons, their relative roles in anti-Hebbian LTP are not known. Because interneuron diversity potentially conceals simple rules underlying different forms of plasticity, we focus on glutamatergic synapses onto a subset of interneurons with dendrites in stratum oriens and a main ascending axon that projects to stratum lacunosum moleculare, the oriens-lacunosum moleculare (O-LM) cells. We show that anti-Hebbian LTP in O-LM interneurons has consistent induction and expression properties, and is prevented by selective inhibition of AMPA receptors. The majority of the ionotropic glutamatergic synaptic current in these cells is mediated by inwardly rectifying Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors. Although GluR5-containing kainate receptors contribute to synaptic currents at high stimulus frequency, they are not required for LTP induction. Glutamatergic synapses on O-LM cells thus behave in a homogeneous manner and exhibit LTP dependent on Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors

Exploiting Term Hiding to Reduce Run-time Checking Overhead

One of the most attractive features of untyped languages is the flexibility in term creation and manipulation. However, with such power comes the responsibility of ensuring the correctness of these operations. A solution is adding run-time checks to the program via assertions, but this can introduce overheads that are in many cases impractical. While static analysis can greatly reduce such overheads, the gains depend strongly on the quality of the information inferred. Reusable libraries, i.e., library modules that are pre-compiled independently of the client, pose special challenges in this context. We propose a technique which takes advantage of module systems which can hide a selected set of functor symbols to significantly enrich the shape information that can be inferred for reusable libraries, as well as an improved run-time checking approach that leverages the proposed mechanisms to achieve large reductions in overhead, closer to those of static languages, even in the reusable-library context. While the approach is general and system-independent, we present it for concreteness in the context of the Ciao assertion language and combined static/dynamic checking framework. Our method maintains the full expressiveness of the assertion language in this context. In contrast to other approaches it does not introduce the need to switch the language to a (static) type system, which is known to change the semantics in languages like Prolog. We also study the approach experimentally and evaluate the overhead reduction achieved in the run-time checks.Comment: 26 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables; an extension of the paper version accepted to PADL'18 (includes proofs, extra figures and examples omitted due to space reasons