Relation between the germination and infection ratio on Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby seeds under hot water treatment

Sida hermephrodita or virginia mallow is a perspective perennial herb in the Malvaceae family able to yield a biomass cropthrough between ten and twenty years. Additionally, the plants have a lot of uses and benefits for instance it can use it as a fodder crop,honey crop, ornamental plant in public gardens. It has favorable features like fast growing and resistance against the disease and climaticfluctuations, etc. Sida is in base stage of domestication therefore has a serious disadvantage the low and slow germination as a big part of wildplants. Due to the expressly low germination percent the need of seed showing of driller is should tenfold, 200 thousand seed/acre instead of10-20 thousand what is not available and expensive Therefore practical purposes of our research of seed physiology was to increase the seedgermination percent in a disposable ,basically wild Sida population.We examined two factors relating to seed germination percent and seed germination power during our research: the influence of hot watertreatment and the effect of exogenus or endogenus infection of seed. However, in our germination tests, utilizing scarified seeds with hotwater (65, 80 and 95 oC), 29,33 to 46% germinated of the seeds collected from the population of S. hermaphrodita in Debrecen. The averagegermination for all season was 5-10 % wihitout treatment and rised using hot water up to almost 50%. When physically scarified used, theoldest seeds showed the best germination (46 %) after the hot water operation in spite of the previus studys (Spooner 1985; Chudik et al. 2010;Doliński R. 2009.). We discovered that there are a distinguished close relationship between the seeds collecting time and the infection, as wellas germination percentage. Thus, 2009 season was the most favourable in case of contamination (control:17,33 and 80 oC treatment:0%) aswell as germination percent. It could be concluded that, the best season for our findings was 2009 due to autumn harvest of Sida seeds. Inour oppinion, the autumn harvesting should be the best time to overcome the problem of the low germination and high infection percentage

Obtention of new ornamental leaf variants of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) originated from somatic embryogenesis and their photosynthetic parameters

Giant reed (Arundo donax L.) is a perennial rhizomatous herbaceous plant, it has been widespread all over the world by human activities. It is a 2-8 meter high, polyploid, sterile species (not produce viable seeds), it can be propagated only by vegetative methods (rhizomes, stem cuttings, in vitro biotechnological methods). It has considered promising dedicated energy crop thanks to high biomass production (20-40 dry tons per hectare depending on microclimate), adaptability of different kind of soils and environment and low energy input required for its cultivation. It has been utilized for energetic purposes, biogas/bioethanol production, cellulose/paper production and ornamental purposes. The objectives of the present study were to determine morphological properties of new ornamental giant reed leaf variants originated from somatic embryogenesis and to evaluate their photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic activities. The most typical changes was the appearance of different colour (white, yellow, light green) longitudinal stripes on leaves (also on petiole and on leaf blade). It was significant differences (p<0.05) between green and leaf variants in case of photosynthetic pigments content and photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm value). There was no detectable chlorophyll a or b content in the white bands of leaves and albino shoots. Total chlorophyll content of the white striped leaf variety was more than twice than the light green leaves. Photosynthetic activity and content of photosynthetic pigments also confirm and determine the morphological characteristics and growth habit of leaf variants

Relation between the germination and infection ratio on Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby seeds under hot water treatment

Sida hermephrodita or virginia mallow is a perspective perennial herb in the Malvaceae family able to yield a biomass crop through between ten and twenty years. Additionally, the plants have a lot of uses and benefits for instance it can use it as a fodder crop, honey crop, ornamental plant in public gardens. It has favorable features like fast growing and resistance against the disease and climatic fluctuations, etc. Sida is in base stage of domestication therefore has a serious disadvantage the low and slow germination as a big part of wild plants. Due to the expressly low germination percent the need of seed showing of driller is should tenfold, 200 thousand seed/acre instead of 10-20 thousand what is not available and expensive Therefore practical purposes of our research of seed physiology was to increase the seed germination percent in a disposable ,basically wild Sida population. We examined two factors relating to seed germination percent and seed germination power during our research: the influence of hot water treatment and the effect of exogenus or endogenus infection of seed. However, in our germination tests, utilizing scarified seeds with hot water (65, 80 and 95 oC), 29,33 to 46% germinated of the seeds collected from the population of S. hermaphrodita in Debrecen. The average germination for all season was 5-10 % wihitout treatment and rised using hot water up to almost 50%. When physically scarified used, the oldest seeds showed the best germination (46 %) after the hot water operation in spite of the previus studys (Spooner 1985; Chudik et al. 2010; Doliński R. 2009.). We discovered that there are a distinguished close relationship between the seeds collecting time and the infection, as well as germination percentage. Thus, 2009 season was the most favourable in case of contamination (control:17,33 and 80 oC treatment:0%) as well as germination percent. It could be concluded that, the best season for our findings was 2009 due to autumn harvest of Sida seeds. In our oppinion, the autumn harvesting should be the best time to overcome the problem of the low germination and high infection percentage

Cost-effective plantlet production and wintering method of virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby)

The main goal of this research was to work out programmable, cost-effective and industrial scale technologies of mass propagationfrom the seeds of rootstock nurseries of undomesticated American populations of Sidahermaphrodita. During our previou`s seed treatmentexperiments, it was concluded that around 60% of the Virginia fanpetalsseeds collected during the four cropyears can be considered as highquality, infection-free, normally imbibing and germinating seeds (Kurucz et al., 2013a,b). The experiments performed with the nurse-in-traymethod developed by us showed that the summer-autumn nurse-in-tray plantlet production and unprotected wintering of Virginia fanpetalswith properly pre-treated and fractioned seeds is a promising new method. No weeds appear between the plants, but only on the side of thecases during plantlet production. The investment cost of the method is minimal. There are no heating costs and this phytotechnique can beeasily and properly mechanised. Plantlet production can be performed near the large-scale plots. After exploring the root and shoot system,it was concluded that the nurse-in-tray method is suitable for producing plantlets with hardened and strong roots. Scheduled plantlets can beproduced in an industrial scale volume by the time of early spring (March) plantlet planting. The excavateof plantlets can be flexibly adjustedto the needs; they may even grow in the plantlet cases for a whole year. We think that these innovative plantlet production and winteringmethods which are suitable for large-scale use will make Virginia fanpetals a proper feedstock for the constant supply of the Biomass SupplyChain both in Hungary and in European countries which are in the same climate zone. The comparative analysis of the costs of this procedurecalls for further research

Industrial-scale plantlet production by seed priming and nursery tray seeding method in Sida hermaphrodita L. Rushby

Virginia mallow (Sida hermephrodita Rushby), Malvaceae family, is a perspective perennial herb able to yield a biomass cropthrough the last two decades. In our previous studies, we examined two factors relating to seed germination percent and seed germinationpower during our research: the infl uence of hot water treatment and the effect of exogenous or endogenous infection of seed. Following theserecognition we modifi ed our technique, in such a way that we fractionated the seeds based on their fresh weight / or relative density beforewe carried out the treatment. When we fi ltered the fl oating seeds on the surface of water, the hot water treatment was performed considerablybetter on the sink seeds after separation. Therefore, by this special priming process we were able to reach 80% germination capacity of Virginamallow seeds under laboratory conditions (26 oC without illumination). From all nurseries tray methods preliminary results, it is clear that,Sida seeds, which were treated with these methods, gave the best growing rate for industrial uses

Industrial-scale plantlet production by seed priming and nursery tray seeding method in Sida hermaphrodita L. Rushby

Virginia mallow (Sida hermephrodita Rushby), Malvaceae family, is a perspective perennial herb able to yield a biomass crop through the last two decades. In our previous studies, we examined two factors relating to seed germination percent and seed germination power during our research: the influence of hot water treatment and the effect of exogenous or endogenous infection of seed. Following these recognition we modifi ed our technique, in such a way that we fractionated the seeds based on their fresh weight / or relative density before we carried out the treatment. When we fi ltered the fl oating seeds on the surface of water, the hot water treatment was performed considerably better on the sink seeds after separation. Therefore, by this special priming process we were able to reach 80% germination capacity of Virgina mallow seeds under laboratory conditions (26 oC without illumination). From all nurseries tray methods preliminary results, it is clear that, Sida seeds, which were treated with these methods, gave the best growing rate for industrial uses

Variation in selenium tolerance among two onion cultivars in closed fortification system

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals. To consumption of selenium could be good sources the vegetables. Many of them are able to convert the inorganic selenium forms to organic forms, which are more effective for health. To enrich onion with selenium is known however some unclear points are remained. A closed fortification system was conducted to compare the difference of selenium tolerance in two onion cultivars in greenhouse environment. This system was well controlled, eliminating a lot of disturbing factors. The comparative analysis of Makói bronz and Makói lila spring onoins showed that there is difference in selenium tolerance and accumulation not only between plant species but inside it between the different cultivars, too. The Makói bronz seemed to more sensitive to the selenate treatment than Makói lila

Comparative study of sour cherry samples for their anthocyanin content measured by tools of the laboratory and by portable equipments

The inner quality of fruits depends on many components. The analysis of pharmacologically important fruit species as the sourcherry consumed as a common food is an expensive task, mostly requiring an equipped laboratory. In sour cherry, one of its valuablecomponents, the anthocyanin content deserves special attention. A portable analytical implement, which has been developed by our teammeasures the anthocyanin content on a scale of 1024 PharMgrades. The system is a member of the UVEX family of implements working witha microprocessor and performs the measurement quickly. The portable variant (UVEX-ML-1) does not require much training, the laboratoryvariant (UVEX UL-1) performs a large quantity of tests under modest laboratory conditions. Preparation of the samples is easily done, thenecessary elements are available in the trade. The reagent is easily stored and dosed. The system was tested and proved to be of sufficientprecision and the result showed acceptable variance according to the checks performed by a spectrophotometer in the laboratory

Effects of Foliar Nutrition on Onion Seed Storage under Controlled Atmosphere

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Effects of Foliar Nutrition on Onion Seed Storage under Modified Atmosphere Packages

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