58,195 research outputs found
Detector Efficiency Limits on Quantum Improvement
Although the National Institute of Standards and Technology has measured the
intrinsic quantum efficiency of Si and InGaAs APD materials to be above 98 % by
building an efficient compound detector, commercially available devices have
efficiencies ranging between 15 % and 75 %. This means bandwidth, dark current,
cost, and other factors are more important than quantum efficiency for existing
applications. This paper systematically examines the generic detection process,
lays out the considerations needed for designing detectors for non-classical
applications, and identifies the ultimate physical limits on quantum
efficiency.Comment: LaTeX, 7 pages, 3 figure
Power density measurements in the near field of the DSS 13 26-meter antenna
Power density measurements were made at Deep Space Station (DSS) 13 in the near field of the 26-m antenna to determine if radio frequency (rf) fields generated by the 20-kW transmitters could be responsible for the failure of three solid state rf amplifiers. These amplifiers are used in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Radio Spectrum Surveillance System, which is currently located at the site. Measurements were made independently for one transmitter at 7150 MHz, and both transmitters together. Measurement results are tabulated and compared with predicted power densities under the measurement conditions. The results agree with the predictions within a factor of two. The predictions appear to give worst case values. Measurements indicated that amplifier failures are not attributable to the transmitter
Vehicle Design for Mars Landing and Return to Mars Orbit
This paper briefly describes three modes for accomplishing the Mars landing mission and compares them on a gross basis to indicate their probable order of merit and to identify design requirements placed on the Mars-excursion module (MEM) by the choice of mode. The paper shows that a flyby-rendezvous mode requiring low weight in earth orbit requires the MEM to enter the Mars atmosphere at velocities ranging from 20,000 to 30,000 ft/sec. The MEM for the flyby-rendezvous mode is not covered in this paper but merits further study. The MEM for the other modes of mission accomplishment begins its active operational sequence in Mars orbit and need not be greatly influenced by the method of delivery to Mars orbit. Parametric studies of the entry problem for two vehicles typifying a ballistic-type and a lifting-body-type were conducted to identify the problems associated with design of a MEM to accommodate the extremes of Mars atmospheric density presently predicted. This brief study indicates that: (a) the presently predicted density extremes of the Mars atmosphere present no serious design problems for a MEM which can operate across the entire band of predicted densities; (b) details of operational requirements and mission objectives will control the choice of configuration rather than entry requirements; and (c) the ballistic-type MEM is lighter and simpler but has less operational flexibility than a high L/D MEM
Radio detection of H2O in comet Bradfield (1974b)
Results of observations of comet Bradfield using the Haystack telescope are summarized with emphasis on the detection of the 1.35 cm emission line of water in the comet. The excitation of water and methyl cyanide in comets is briefly considered
Chiral-logarithmic Corrections to the S and T Parameters in Higgsless Models
Recently, Higgsless models have proven to be viable alternatives to the
Standard Model (SM) and supersymmetric models in describing the breaking of the
electroweak symmetry. Whether extra-dimensional in nature or their
deconstructed counterparts, the physical spectrum of these models typically
consists of ``towers'' of massive vector gauge bosons which carry the same
quantum numbers as the SM W and Z. In this paper, we calculate the one-loop,
chiral-logarithmic corrections to the S and T parameters from the lightest
(i.e. SM) and the next-to-lightest gauge bosons using a novel application of
the Pinch Technique. We perform our calculation using generic Feynman rules
with generic couplings such that our results can be applied to various models.
To demonstrate how to use our results, we calculate the leading
chiral-logarithmic corrections to the S and T parameters in the deconstructed
three site Higgsless model. As we point out, however, our results are not
exclusive to Higgsless models and may, in fact, be used to calculate the
one-loop corrections from additional gauge bosons in models with fundamental
(or composite) Higgs bosons.Comment: 45 pages, 15 figures, added references, analysis of three site model
expanded to include delocalized fermion
Oscillations of a Bose-Einstein condensate rotating in a harmonic plus quartic trap
We study the normal modes of a two-dimensional rotating Bose-Einstein
condensate confined in a quadratic plus quartic trap. Hydrodynamic theory and
sum rules are used to derive analytical predictions for the collective
frequencies in the limit of high angular velocities, , where the vortex
lattice produced by the rotation exhibits an annular structure. We predict a
class of excitations with frequency in the rotating frame,
irrespective of the mode multipolarity , as well as a class of low energy
modes with frequency proportional to . The predictions are in good
agreement with results of numerical simulations based on the 2D
Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The same analysis is also carried out at even higher
angular velocities, where the system enters the giant vortex regime.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Spin-Statistics Violations in Superstring Theory
I describe how superstring theory may violate spin-statistics in an
experimentally observable manner. Reviewing the basics of superstring
interactions and how to utilize these to produce a statistical phase, I then
apply these ideas to two specific examples. The first is the case of heterotic
worldsheet linkings, whereby one small closed string momentarily enlarges
sufficiently to pass over another, producing such a statistical phase. The
second is the braneworld model with noncommutative geometry, whereby matter
composed of open strings may couple to a background in which spacetime
coordinates do not commute, modifying the field (anti)commutator algebra. I
conclude with ways to sharpen and experimentally test these exciting avenues to
possibly verify superstring theory.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures; v2: references added and typos correcte
Quadrupole collective modes in trapped finite-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates
Finite temperature simulations are used to study quadrupole excitations of a
trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. We focus specifically on the m=0 mode, where
a long-standing theoretical problem has been to account for an anomalous
variation of the mode frequency with temperature. We explain this behavior in
terms of the excitation of two separate modes, corresponding to coupled motion
of the condensate and thermal cloud. The relative amplitudes of the modes
depends sensitively on the temperature and on the frequency of the harmonic
drive used to excite them. Good agreement with experiment is found for
appropriate drive frequencies.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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