ECG Print-out Features Extraction Using Spatial-Oriented Image Processing Techniques

Analyzing cardiovascular activity of patients using ECG clinical paper printouts requires prior knowledge and practice. This research used spatial-oriented image processing methods for analyzing ECG readings by retrieving only the essential features, and not all ECG data, to assist physicians in diagnosis. Different values such as Atrial (rate/min) and Ventricular (rate/min), QRS interval (sec), QT interval (sec), QTc (sec), and PR interval (sec) were successfully extracted with indication as to whether the values are within the accepted normal values, given the patient’s gender and age. Performance of the system was tested based on accuracy, RMSE and normalized RMSE. The methodology achieved average accuracy as high as 95.424 % while the PR interval feature extraction achieved a relatively low average accuracy of 87.196%

System design of a microstrip antenna by dimension and substrates optimization

The microstrip antennas matured and improved over the last 25 years. Throughout these years, the limitations, and specifications of the said antennas have been overcome and significantly improved. Known to be lowprofile, suitable for mobile, and lightweight, these microstrip antennas are the focus of this research. In this paper, the researchers designed a microstrip antenna with varying lengths and substrates. They tested the changes and the effects in microstrip antennas of different lengths, along with altering substrates. To verify the differences, the researchers compared the performance parameters maximum gain (dBi), minimum gain (dBi), and S11 graph on each tested length and changed substrate. The rough set theory was used to determine the optimal design via MATLAB. From there, the researchers analyzed the results gathered and drew their respective conclusions. Additionally, they saw and compared each data result to know what antenna has the best performance parameters. From the results, a change in the dimension will result in a decrease in the said performance parameters. Furthermore, the change in substrate thickness also diminishes these changes

Development of a design optimization algorithm for a bowtie antenna

A bowtie antenna is one of the simple dipole antennas with an omnidirectional pattern utilized in several applications. It is used in industrial applications, scientific applications, and medical applications. Its elementary design can be subjected to modification to expand the applications of the dipole and improve its performance. This paper aims to develop a design optimization algorithm for a bowtie antenna with an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter. In the paper, the different designs of the bowtie antenna are simulated using MATLAB software. The design of antennas is constructed using the partial differential equation (PDE) toolbox in MATLAB software. The designs explored in the paper are the slotted microstrip bowtie antenna and the double flare bowtie antenna. A traditional bowtie was also simulated to be used as a reference for the evaluation of the modified antennas. The dimensions of the designs are kept closely like draw accurate conclusions about the effects of the refinements done. The effects of the modification of the designs on the directivity and return loss are determined to assess the effectiveness of the design alterations

Design and simulation of an adaptive beam smart antenna using MATLAB

Signals transmitted over a long range of distance may pass through several obstacles and scatter, taking multiple paths to reach the receiver. Beamforming antennas are controlled electronically to adjust the radiation pattern following the first received signal. This allows the antenna to maximize the received signal and consequently, suppress the interfering signals received. A smart antenna should be able to diminish noise, increase the signal to noise ratio, and have better system competence. The adaptive beam makes use of the spacing of the several antennas and the phase of the signal of each antenna array to control the shape and direction of the signal beam. This paper focuses on the use of smart antennas using an adaptive beam method as a better system for the transmission of signals. A simulation between the existing Omnidirectional antenna system and the smart antenna system will be made and compared. The paper will discuss the corresponding advantages that a smart antenna system has compared to the Omnidirectional antenna system

Dipole antenna with biconical and pyramidal horn design in radio frequency identification simulations

Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems are used in several applications. It is widely used in retail, corporations, and schools for several purposes such as inventory, identification, and cashless payments. The components of an RFID system include a tag and a reader. The RFID reader includes an RF module that transmits and receives signals. While the RFID tag transmits embedded signals, which is typically some form of identification. The tag is a passive component powered by the reader. The two components make use of antennas to communicate the signals with each other. The design of the antenna is an important factor to consider in the production of the RFID. The size of the antenna must be small enough to provide convenience and the gain must be strong enough to effectively transmit and receive signals between the two components. In this paper, an antenna for an RFID tag is designed using MATLAB software. The antenna to be designed must be cost-efficient and be able to radiate an acceptable gain. This research creates a dipole antenna with biconical and pyramidal horn design in RFID simulations

Development of a novel optimization algorithm for a microstrip patch antenna array

Microstrip patch antennas are typically used because they have a low profile and cost. The main theme of this study is to present a novel 2×2 microstrip antenna array design using rough set theory. In designing the 2×2 microstrip antenna array, an FR4 dielectric substrate was used to improve the performance. The rough set theory was used to optimize the microstrip antenna parameters. The FR4 dielectric substrate compared better to the microstrip patch antenna array wherein no substrate was used. The antenna with no substrate used had the energy that is radiating underneath which contributed to the sidelobes of the radiation pattern whereas the use of the substrate reduced the energy radiated at the substrate. Furthermore, the gains of the two were also simultaneously evaluated and it showed that the microstrip antenna array with the dielectric substrate had better gain than the one without. This 2×2 microstrip array antenna design may be used for applications such as mobile communications since it is small in size and performs well

Microstrip patch antenna for energy harvesting in smart buildings

The present study analyzes the microstrip antenna design for wireless power transfer in smart buildings, harnessing the ambient electromagnetic radiation due to common electronic gadgets that energize wireless sensor networks, computing devices, and connected appliances. With the increased number of these devices, so does the potential for health problems caused by electromagnetic radiation. However, these devices also provide a renewable energy source through their emissions. This study suggests the creation of a 5G Microstrip antenna that enhances the absorption of this radiation for the purpose of recharging batteries in smart buildings. The design capitalizes on the inherent low-profile and cost-effective features of microstrip antennas, making them well-suited for incorporation into building infrastructure and 5G wireless technologies. Although each individual device emits a little amount of energy, the combined effect achieved by advanced antenna design and power converters is anticipated to result in a substantial energy production. The antenna designer tool from MATLAB was used to carry out a conceptual simulation of the microstrip antenna. This has set up the framework of a feasible way of predicting the performance with high efficiency and sustainability for a wireless power transfer (WPT) system

Microstrip antenna system for communication capabilities applications

In this comparative study, seven different microstrip antenna shapes, including rectangular, elliptical, triangular, inset fed, H-notch, and E-notch, were observed and analyzed, focusing on their suitability for global positioning system (GPS) application in microsatellites. To enable meaningful comparison, the study utilized the optimal resonant frequency in GPS applications, which is 1.57542 GHz. All the antenna designs have been generated using MATLAB’s Antenna Toolbox and are 100% efficient under ideal conditions with zero polarization loss, which is assumed in the link budget analysis. The results show that each antenna shape has been found to offer distinct advantages and limitations. Along with this, the circular and elliptical patch antenna presented a well-balanced performance, which is suitable for GPS applications. However, the elliptical shape falls behind the circular shape, which was determined to be the most optimal choice for GPS application, providing excellent isotropic antenna gain, return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and strong link budget analysis results