ZÁKONY HYDROGEOMORFOLOGIE JAKO ZÁKLADNÍ PŘEDPOKLAD PRO ŘEŠENÍ TERITORIÁLNÍ STRUKTURY UNITÁRNÍ SOUSTAVY ZEMĚDĚLSKÉHO, LESNÍHO A VODNÍHO HOSPODÁŘSTVÍ

In the presented work, the laws of hydrogeomorfhology have been defi ned on the principle of symmetry and invariance, which are to be respected at solution of territorial structure of Unitary System of Agricultural, Forest and Water Management (USAFWM). The principle of the solution is a dominant position of the geomorphologic formation Gh of a given sea-level altitude in the analyzed part of territory, which determines control and regulation of all components of water balance. The newly formed territory unit, delimited around the geomorphologic formation by water streams, was called a hydrogeomorphologic region of the third order (HGR-3).V předložené práci jsou defi novány zákony hydrogeomorfologie na principu symetrie a invariance, které je nutno respektovat při řešení teritoriální struktury unitární soustavy zemědělského, lesního a vodního hospodářství (USZLVH, resp. USAFWM). Principem řešení je dominantní postavení geomorfologického útvaru Gh o určité nadmořské výšce ve sledované části území, který determinuje řízení a regulaci všech složek vodní bilance. Nově vzniklý územní celek vymezený kolem geomorfologického útvaru vodními toky byl nazván hydrogeomorfologickým regionem 3. řádu (HGR-3)

PARAMETRIZACE VNITŘNÍ STRUKTURY ZEMĚDĚLSKÉ SOUSTAVY NA ZÁKLADĚ IZOČAR MAXIMÁLNÍCH VÝNOSŮ (IZOKARP)

On the basis of analysis of yield time series from a ten-year period, isolines of maximal yields of crops (isocarps) have been constructed, homogenized yield zones have been determined, and inner structures of the agricultural system have been calculated. The algorithm of a normal and an optimal structure calculation have been used, and differences in the structure of the agricultural system have been determined for every defi ned zone.Na základě analýzy výnosových řad za období deseti roků jsou sestrojeny izočáry maximálních výnosů plodin (izokarpy), stanovena homogenizovaná výnosová pásma a vypočítány vnitřní struktury zemědělské soustavy. Je využito teorie uhlíkové bilance a principu zdrojů a spotřebitelů uhlíku v soustavě. Byl využit algoritmus výpočtu normální a optimální struktury a stanoveny diference ve struktuře zemědělské soustavy pro každé defi nované pásmo

PARAMETRIZATION OF INNER STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS ON THE BASIS OF MAXIMAL YIELDS ISOLINES (ISOCARPS)

On the basis of analysis of yield time series from a ten-year period, isolines of maximal yields of crops (isocarps) have been constructed, homogenized yield zones have been determined, and inner structures of the agricultural system have been calculated. The algorithm of a normal and an optimal structure calculation have been used, and differences in the structure of the agricultural system have been determined for every defi ned zone

PRINCIPLES OF HYDROGEOMORPHOLOGY AS A BASIC PRECONDITION FOR SOLUTION OF TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF UNITARY SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL, FOREST AND WATER MANAGEMENT

In the presented work, the laws of hydrogeomorfhology have been defi ned on the principle of symmetry and invariance, which are to be respected at solution of territorial structure of Unitary System of Agricultural, Forest and Water Management (USAFWM). The principle of the solution is a dominant position of the geomorphologic formation Gh of a given sea-level altitude in the analyzed part of territory, which determines control and regulation of all components of water balance. The newly formed territory unit, delimited around the geomorphologic formation by water streams, was called a hydrogeomorphologic region of the third order (HGR-3)

EQUILIBRIUM OF WATER BALANCE AS A BASIC PRECONDITION OF PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF LAND AREA

The proportion of water balance components – precipitation, transpiration, evaporation, underground waters and surface runoff – is a determining factor of stabile development of land area. But this proportion can be considerably disturbed and is permanently changing. Certain many-year averages are usually accepted as a stable state. That is why, in the presented work, we have tried to defi ne water balance on symmetry and invariance principles, to express it as a limit state, which would characterize it as a natural principle and enable comparison with the present balance

ENERGETICKY UZAVŘENÉ ZEMĚDĚLSKÉ SOUSTAVY

In the presented work, we attempted to carry out a quantitative evaluation of a closed agricultural system, with the aim of increasing its stability and invariance. Closing the agricultural system in the first degree means using a part of waste materials in a submontane and mountain farm for the production of biogas. The second degree presupposes the inclusion of crops rich in energy– oil-seed rape - into the inner structure of the system, and finally the third degree of closing the system considers using biogas for transformation of a part of starch production – cereals – into ethanol as a fuel. The principle of closing the system requires the optimization of its inner structure relying on the principle of well-balanced state of the carbon processes.V předložené práci byl učiněn pokus o kvantitativní vyhodnocení uzavřené zemědělské soustavy s cílem, aby se stala stabilní a invariantní. Uzavření v 1. stupni je řešeno využitím části odpadových hmot v podhorském a horském hospodářství pro výrobu bioplynu. Druhý stupeň předpokládá zařazení ploch energetických plodin – řepky olejky – do vnitřní struktury soustavy a posléze 3. stupeň uzavření soustavy uvažuje využití bioplynu pro transformaci části škrobnaté produkce – obilí na etanol jako pohonnou hmotu. Princip uzavřenosti soustavy vyžaduje optimalizaci její vnitřní struktury na principu rovnovážného stavu uhlíkové bilance

ROVNOVÁHA VODNÍ BILANCE JAKO ZÁKLADNÍ PŘEDPOKLAD PROGRESIVNÍHO VÝVOJE KRAJINNÉHO PROSTORU

The proportion of water balance components – precipitation, transpiration, evaporation, underground waters and surface runoff – is a determining factor of stabile development of land area. But this proportion can be considerably disturbed and is permanently changing. Certain many-year averages are usually accepted as a stable state. That is why, in the presented work, we have tried to defi ne water balance on symmetry and invariance principles, to express it as a limit state, which would characterize it as a natural principle and enable comparison with the present balance.Determinujícím faktorem stabilního vývoje krajinného prostoru je poměr složek vodní bilance – srážek, transpirace, evaporace, podpovrchových vod a odtoku. Tento poměr je však velmi porušený, neustále se mění a určité mnohaleté průměry jednotlivých veličin jsou zpravidla přijímány jako ustálený stav. Proto v předložené práci byl učiněn pokus defi novat vodní bilanci na principech symetrie a invariance, dát jí výraz mezního stavu, jenž by ji charakterizoval jako přírodní zákon a umožnil srovnání se současnou bilancí

Propagation of gravity waves and spread F in the low-latitude ionosphere over Tucumán, Argentina, by continuous Doppler sounding: first results

Results of systematic analysis of propagation directions and horizontal velocities of gravity waves (GWs) and spread F structures in low-latitude ionosphere (magnetic inclination ~27°) in Tucumán region, Argentina, are presented. Measurements were carried out by multipoint continuous Doppler system during 1 year from December 2012 to November 2013. It was found that meridian propagation of GWs dominated and that southward propagation prevailed in the local summer. Oblique spread structures observed in Doppler shift spectrograms and associated with spread F propagated roughly eastward at velocities from ~70 to ~180 m/s and were observed at night from ~ September to ~ March. The velocities were computed for 182 events and the azimuths for 64 events. Continuous Doppler sounding makes it possible to analyze more events compared to optical observations often used for propagation studies since the measurements do not depend on weather.Fil: Chum, J.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República ChecaFil: Miranda Bonomi, Fernando Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Electricidad, Electrónica y Computación. Laboratorio de Telecomunicaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fišer, J.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República ChecaFil: Cabrera, M. A.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Electricidad, Electrónica y Computación. Laboratorio de Telecomunicaciones; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Tucuman; ArgentinaFil: Ezquer, Rodolfo Gerardo. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Tucuman; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Ionosfera; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Burešová, D.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República ChecaFil: Laštovička, J.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República ChecaFil: Baše, J.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República ChecaFil: Hruška, F.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República ChecaFil: Molina, Maria Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ise, Juan Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Electricidad, Electrónica y Computación. Laboratorio de Telecomunicaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cangemi, José Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología. Departamento de Electricidad, Electrónica y Computación. Laboratorio de Telecomunicaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Šindelářová, T.. Institute of Atmospheric Physics; República Chec

ENERGETICALLY CLOSED AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS

In the presented work, we attempted to carry out a quantitative evaluation of a closed agricultural system, with the aim of increasing its stability and invariance. Closing the agricultural system in the first degree means using a part of waste materials in a submontane and mountain farm for the production of biogas. The second degree presupposes the inclusion of crops rich in energy– oil-seed rape - into the inner structure of the system, and finally the third degree of closing the system considers using biogas for transformation of a part of starch production – cereals – into ethanol as a fuel. The principle of closing the system requires the optimization of its inner structure relying on the principle of well-balanced state of the carbon processes