Metagenomic analysis of duodenal microbiota reveals a potential biomarker of dysbiosis in the course of obesity and type 2 diabetes : a pilot study

Numerous scientific studies confirm that, apart from environmental and genetic factors, a significant role is played by gastrointestinal microbiota in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Currently, scientists mainly focus on the distal intestinal microbiota, while the equally important proximal parts of the intestine are overlooked. The aim of the study was a qualitative analysis of the structure of the duodenal mucosa microbiota in groups of patients with obesity and with type 2 diabetes and where obesity qualified for bariatric surgery: sleeve gastrectomy. The microbiological results obtained were compared with some clinical parameters. As a result, it was possible to determine the microbiological core that the treatment and control groups had in common, including phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The patients with obesity and with type 2 diabetes and obesity presented a significantly lower number of genus Bifidobacterium compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, the numbers of Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with the high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration in the groups under study. The obtained results indicate that bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium should be considered in the future in the context of a potential biomarker in the progress of type 2 diabetes and obesity

Assuring the traceability in rockwell C hardness Measurements

Stanowisko pomiarowe twardości Rockwella I rzędu realizuje definicję pomiaru twardości Rockwella i stanowi wzorzec odniesienia GUM. Twardościomierz kalibracyjny stosowany jest do kalibracji wzorców twardości używanych do wzorcowania i kontroli bieżącej poprawności wskazań twardościomierzy użytkowych. Poprzez zastosowanie stanowiska wzorcowego twardości Rockwella wyniki kalibracji wzorców twardości Rockwella są odniesione do pasńtwowego wzorca jednostki miary dugości i wzorca odniesienia jednostki miary siły GUM. Ponieważ nie istnieje matematyczna formuła opisująca zależność twardości od wielkości mających wpływ na jej wartość, szacowanie niepewności definicji pomiaru stanowi duży problem. W referacie przedstawiono składniki budżetu niepewności dla każdego poziomu pomiarowego oraz przedstawiono sposób zapewnienia spójności pomiarowej.Primary hardness standard machine materialise the hardness scale definition and it is reference standard of GUM. It is used for "produce" primary hardness reference blocks using for verification and indirect calibration of hardness calibration machines used for the industrial production of hardness reference blocks. By using hardness calibration machine the result of a measurement have traceability to national standards of force, length and angle. Notice that in the case of Hardness a mathematical relationship connecting input quantities Xi with the output quantity H is not known, there is the problem with evaluation of the uncertainty. There give parameters that affect the uncertainty and general procedure for calculating the uncertainty of hardness measurements for each level to assure the traceability in dissemination of Rockwell C hardness

Wytyczne RECIST 1.1 — zastosowanie praktyczne u pacjentki z HR+/HER2- zaawansowanym rakiem piersi z przerzutami do kości

Najczęściej występującym podtypem raka piersi jest hormonozależny, HER2 ujemny rak piersi. Jedną z częstszych lokalizacji zmian przerzutowych w chorobie rozsianej są kości. Poniższy opis przypadku dotyczy pacjentki w wieku przedmenopauzalnym, u której wystąpił rozsiew raka piersi w postaci izolowanych przerzutów do kości. Obecnie u chorych z zaawansowanym hormonozależnym, HER2 ujemnym rakiem piersi standardem leczenia pierwszej linii jest stosowanie inhibitorów CDK 4/6 w skojarzeniu z hormonoterapią. Dotyczy to również chorych z izolowanymi przerzutami do układu kostnego

The female condition in Elena Ferrante's Neapolitan Quartet

Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie sytuacji kobiet w drugiej połowie XX wieku ukazanej w sadze neapolitańskiej Eleny Ferrante "Genialna przyjaciółka". Praca jest podzielona na cztery rozdziały. W pierwszym rozdziale prezentuję sytuacje kobiet po upadku faszyzmu i po wojnie, gdy kobiety stopniowo zaczęły zyskiwać coraz więcej praw. W drugim rozdziale skupiam się na problemie przemocy wobec kobiet ukazanym w powieści oraz na tym, że kobiety w tym trudnym i skomplikowanym społeczeństwie również są skłonne do zachowań przemocowych. W trzecim rozdziale analizuję problem zdrady w związku oraz prezentuję różnice między kobietami a mężczyzn, jeśli chodzi o kwestii wierności. Czwarty rozdział jest poświęcony analizie przyjaźni dwóch głównych bohaterek powieści, Lilii i Eleny. Moim celem było przenalizowanie relacji pomiędzy bohaterkami z różnych perspektyw oraz podkreślenie zarówno pozytywnych jak i negatywnych aspektów ich więzi, a także zbadanie wpływu środowiska przemocy i zdrady na ich związek.The aim of this thesis is to present the situation of women in the second half of the 20th century as depicted in Elena Ferrante's Neapolitan Quartet "The Brilliant Friend". The work is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, I present the situation of women after the fall of fascism and after the war, when women gradually began to gain more and more rights. In the second chapter, I focus on the problem of violence against women portrayed in the novel and the fact that women in this difficult and complicated society are also prone to violent behaviour. In the third chapter, I analyse the problem of infidelity in a relationship and present the differences between women and men when it comes to the issue of fidelity. The fourth chapter is devoted to analysing the friendship between the two main female characters in the novel, Lilia and Elena. My aim was to analyse the relationship between the heroines from different perspectives and to highlight both positive and negative aspects of their bond, as well as to explore the impact of an environment of violence and betrayal on their relationship.L'obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di presentare la situazione delle donne nella seconda metà del XX secolo e di analizzare le diverse sfaccettature della condizione femminile ritratte nel ciclo napoletano di Elena Ferrante "L'amica geniale". Il lavoro è diviso in quattro capitoli. Nel primo capitolo presento la situazione delle donne dopo la caduta del fascismo e dopo la guerra e il modo in cui le donne hanno cominciato a ottenere sempre più diritti. Nel secondo capitolo mi concentro sul problema della violenza contro le donne rappresentato nel romanzo e su come le donne in questa società difficile e complicata siano anche inclini a comportamenti violenti. Nel terzo capitolo analizzo il problema del tradimento in una relazione e presento le differenze tra donne e uomini quando si tratta di fedeltà. Il quarto capitolo è dedicato all'analisi dell'amicizia tra le due protagoniste del romanzo, Lilia ed Elena. Il mio obiettivo è stato quello di analizzare la relazione tra le eroine da diverse prospettive, evidenziando gli aspetti positivi e negativi del loro legame, e studiare l'impatto di un ambiente di violenza e tradimento sulla loro relazione

Single motherhood and fatherhood alone - comparative analysis

Celem mojej pracy było porównanie zjawiska samotnego macierzyństwa i ojcostwa. Moja praca składa się z trzech rozdziałów, na początku przedstawiłam, kilka aspektów dotyczących przemian, jakie nastąpiły w postrzeganiu samotnego macierzyństwa i ojcostwa na przestrzeni lat. Opisałam najczęstsze przyczyny samotnego rodzicielstwa: rozwód, separacja, śmierć małżonka, długotrwały wyjazd za pracą oraz całkowity brak zainteresowania przez jednego z rodziców swoim dzieckiem. Ponadto zawarłam sposoby spędzania czasu wolnego dziecka samotnych rodziców, jak również postawy samotnej matki i samotnego ojca. Na zakończenie przedstawiłam stosunek najbliższych osób do samotnie wychowujących rodziców. Opisałam zmiany i różnice, jakie nastąpiły w podejściu do samotnie wychowujących rodziców. Przedstawiłam, od czego zależy samoocena samotnego ojca i matki oraz zajęłam się życiem towarzyskim rodziców wychowujących dzieci w pojedynkę. Ostatnim tematem, jaki opisałam to praca zawodowa i warunki życia samotnych rodziców.The aim of my study was to compare the phenomenon of single motherhood and fatherhood. My work consists of three chapters, I presented at the beginning, some aspects of the changes that have occurred in the perception of single motherhood and fatherhood over the years. I described the most common cause of lone parenthood: divorce, separation, death of a spouse, a long road work, and the total lack of interest by one parent your child. In addition, I made a ways of spending leisure time of the child for single parents, as well as the attitude of a single mother and a single father. At the end I presented the ratio of the closest people to single parents. I described the changes and differences that occurred in the approach to single parents. I introduced, which determines the self-esteem single father and mother, and took charge of the social life of parents bringing up children alone. The last topic that I described was professional work and living conditions of single parents

Academic Entrepreneurship in the Humanities and Social Sciences: Research Conducted among Students of Wroclaw University

W artykule zostało przedstawione zagadnienie przedsiębiorczych postaw i zachowań w obszarze przedsiębiorczości akademickiej, który dotychczas nie został szeroko zbadany. Celem artykułu jest analiza stanu przedsiębiorczości akademickiej w naukach humanistycznych i społecznych. Badania zostały przeprowadzone na podstawie Teorii Planowanego Zachowania (I. Ajzen, 1991) oraz Modelu Zdarzenia Przedsiębiorczego (A. Shapero, I. Sokol, 1982). Do przeprowadzenia badań zastosowano ankietę składającą się z trzech części. Część pierwsza dotyczyła postaw przedsiębiorczych studentów, druga objęła zagadnienia dotyczące planów zawodowych, w tym motywacji do podjęcia własnej działalności gospodarczej, w części trzeciej respondenci dokonali oceny ośrodków innowacji i przedsiębiorczości. Rezultaty badań wskazały, iż postawy i zachowania przedsiębiorcze kształtują się już na etapie edukacji. Istnieje zatem potrzeba tworzenia strategicznych programów edukacyjnych zapewniających odpowiednie narzędzia wspierające studentów w rozwoju ich przedsiębiorczych umiejętności, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem studentów nauk humanistycznych i społecznych.The article explores the notion of entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviors in the sphere of academic entrepreneurship that had not been hitherto thoroughly researched. The goal of the article is to analyse the academic entrepreneurship in the humanities and social sciences. The research conducted among students of Wroclaw University was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (I. Ajzen, 1991) and the Model of Entrepreneurial Event (A. Shapero, I. Sokol, 1982). For research purposes, the authors conducted questionnaires consisting of three parts. Part one comprised questions regarding entrepreneurial attitudes. Part two concerned future professional plans of students, including motivation to start a company. In part three, the respondents evaluated innovation and entrepreneurship centers. The results of the research support the conclusions that entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviors are already being formed at the stage of education. The findings show that there is a need to form strategic educational programs that would provide proper incentives supporting students in developing their entrepreneurial abilities. In particular, this should include the humanities and social sciences

Phosphate uptake and allocation – a closer look at Arabidopsis thaliana L. and Oryza sativa L.

This year marks the 20th anniversary of the discovery and characterization of the two Arabidopsis PHT1 genes encoding the phosphate transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana. So far, multiple inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporters have been described, and the molecular basis of Pi acquisition by plants has been well characterized. These genes are involved in Pi acquisition, allocation and/or signal transduction. This review summarizes how Pi is taken up by the roots and further distributed within two plants: Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa L. by plasma membrane phosphate transporters PHT1 and PHO1 as well as by intracellular transporters: PHO1, PHT2, PHT3, PHT4, PHT5 (VPT1), SPX-MFS and phosphate translocators family. We also describe the role of the PHT1 transporters in mycorrhizal roots of rice as an adaptive strategy to cope with limited phosphate availability in soil

The new dimensions of university-business partnerships

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The goal of the article is to identify the most significant factors that influence the general trends towards the new dimension of university-business partnerships. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The authors state that modernization processes are essential for social development based on two paradigms: the new paradigm of development policy and the knowledge-based economy paradigm. Authors based their assumptions on the rational choice theory, as well as network institutionalism. The preliminary results of the research were based on 23 individual in-depth interviews with representatives of research institutions, universities and entrepreneurs’ associations, in four cities in Poland (Cracow, Poznan, Warsaw, Wroclaw). THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The new goal of development policy is not only the growth of GDP per capita, but also the raise of living standards. Many of the premises are planted in the modern understanding of global economy, based on knowledge-based economy paradigm, according to which the key ability is to implement research into service and production processes (Błaszczyk et al., p. 70), and university-business partnerships might be the right instrument to achieve that to a greater extent. RESEARCH RESULTS: On the basis of the preliminary research results presented in the article the authors have come to the conclusions that there are three specific levels, within which processes of social change take place, in case of university-business partnerships: 1. culture/customs, 2. legal regulations, 3. access to financial support. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The processes of social change in the context of the new paradigm of development policy have already started – there is a significant need of each of the actors to undertake cooperation, as it is a prerequisite of innovative growth. However, the conditions to start it are not yet sufficiently developed. Hence, there is a strong recommendation that the course of development policy was strongly based on the creation of improved conditions for cooperation