International investment law and media disputes: a complement to WTO law

The author suggests that international investment law is a potentially powerful legal tool to protect freedom of expression, at least for foreign-owned media companies

In defense of defense: a statistical look at roster construction, coaching strategy, and team defense in the National Basketball Association

The three major organized sports featured in the United States – baseball, basketball, and football – cover the spectrum of analytic probability. Baseball, with its basic two parts, pitcher and batter, lies at the easy or low end of the analytic spectrum and so it was the first sport to be studied. From early baseball cards first appearing in the 1890s to The Bill James Historical Baseball Abstracts of the 1980s to the SABRmetrics of today, baseball coaches and fans everywhere are adding a page on analytic probability to their playbooks. Football lies at the high or difficult end of the spectrum. With its 22 different parts or players involved in every play, football remains largely unexplored and largely out of reach from a statistical perspective. Basketball, however, with its 10 parts or players lies in that sweet spot or Goldilocks zone, not too hot and not too cold. Whether one is a casual fan or astute student of the game, advanced analytics have dramatically changed the way the fans perceive these sports. In other words, the shoebox crammed with baseball cards of my dad’s generation has morphed into the computer-based analyzes of my generation. Despite the many reams of statistics that have been added to the encyclopedia of sports knowledge, there are still many unknowns and many chapters that are incomplete or missing entirely. One of these incomplete chapters is team defense in basketball. While there are a few team axioms that exist, such as rim-protecting centers are valuable and slow point guards are not, the relationship between team characteristics and team defense remains vague, at best. Like the dark side of the moon, the unknown aspects of team defense are seldom seen and remain largely unexplored. My goal in writing this paper is to take a closer look at team defense in the National Basketball Association (NBA). By quantitatively looking at several factors, I hope to gain a better understanding of how the measurable quantities of team makeup affect the abstract qualities of team building. While I may not be the first to attempt the trek nor be the one to voyage the farthest towards this final frontier, I hope to boldly go into the great unknown. By researching and analyzing certain NBA team characteristics, in terms of both roster construction and coaching, I hope to be able to ascertain and perhaps even predict the team’s defensive ability

Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkene Carboamination Reactions of Electron‐Poor Nitrogen Nucleophiles

Modified reaction conditions that facilitate Pd‐catalyzed alkene carboamination reactions of electron‐deficient nitrogen nucleophiles are reported. Pent‐4‐enylamine derivatives bearing N‐tosyl or N‐trifluoroacetyl groups are coupled with aryl triflates to afford substituted pyrrolidines in good yield. These reactions proceed via a mechanism involving anti‐aminopalladation of the alkene, which differs from previously reported analogous reactions of N‐aryl‐ and N‐Boc‐pentenylamines. The application of these conditions to a formal synthesis of (±)‐aphanorphine is also described.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112250/1/2339_ftp.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112250/2/adsc_201500334_sm_miscellaneous_information.pd

Musical Drama in Monteverdi\u27s L\u27Orfeo: How Aria, Recitative, and Ritornello Shape Drama

Composers of early operas faced the unique challenge of using their music as a dramatic form of entertainment. This idea of drama linked with music was relatively new, so these composers had to develop entirely original concepts. One such composer was Claudio Monteverdi, who built the foundation of modern opera’s three main musical forms: aria, recitative, and ritornello. An early example of the dramatic use of these musical forms can be seen in Monteverdi’s L’Orfeo. In this opera, Monteverdi used the aria to convey emotions, the recitative to transmit information, and the ritornello to unify the plot

New Developments in Heterocycle Synthesis: Applications of an Anti-Aminopalladation Mechanism

Biologically active compounds, such as molecules isolated from natural sources like plants and marine sponges, have long been of interest to the synthetic chemistry community. Synthetic routes towards these biologically interesting compounds are constantly being sought after and improved upon by synthetic chemists, because efficient synthetic routes yield not only the compound in question in mass quantitites, but also allow for the formation of a library of compounds bearing small changes in structure that are not found in the originally isolated compound. These small changes can potentially have dramatic effects on the biological activity of the compounds in question. Nitrogen containing heterocycles appear in a wide variety of these aforementioned biologically active compounds, and for this reason have long been an attractive target to the synthetic community. Heterocyclic scaffolds such as substituted pyrrolidines are present in compounds that display a wide variety of biological activity, such as antifungal, antibiotic, and antitumor properties. Cyclic guanidines are also present in a large number of biologically interesting molecules, such as compounds that display antibiotic, immunosuppressive, and neurotoxic properties. While synthetic methodologies to access the scaffolds in question currently exist, the majority of them rely on preexisting substitution present in the substrate to afford the desired substituted products. This precludes the ability to rapidly synthesize a library of compounds with various substitution patterns that can then be assayed for changes in biological activity. The research described in this dissertation details the development of a methodology to synthesize substituted, nitrogen containing heterocycles in a palladium catalyzed, modular coupling reaction. Chapter 1 outlines the biological relevance of nitrogen containing heterocycles, and it details the previous efforts of the Wolfe group to synthesize the molecular scaffolds in question. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of substituted pyrrolidines via a newly developed, anti-aminopalladation methodology. Substituted pyrrolidine products bearing previously unusable N-tosyl and N-trifluoroacetyl protecting groups were afforded in good yield. Chapters 3 and 4 detail the synthesis of substituted, cyclic guanidines from acyclic N-allyl guanidine substrates. Chapter 3 focuses on coupling said guanidine substrates with aryl halides/triflates, in which substrates bearing cleavable N-cyano and N-tosyl protecting groups were utilized. Finally, Chapter 4 describes the successful coupling of guanidine substrates bearing N-cyano and N-tosyl protectin groups with OBz-protected amine electrophiles in a variation on a 1,2-diamination reaction.PHDChemistryUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138673/1/lukejpet_1.pd

国际投资法与媒体争端：对世界贸易组织法的补充

笔者认为，国际投资法是一个潜在的强大的法律工具，至少对于外商独资的传媒公司来说，足以保护其言论自由

The Birth of German Art: Italia and Germania

2006 Library Undergraduate Research awards : Upper Division winne

Targeting CDK6 and BCL2 Exploits the MYB Addiction of Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Phþ ALL) is currently treated with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in combination with chemotherapy. However, most patients develop resistance to TKI through BCR-ABL1–dependent and –independent mechanisms. Newly developed TKI can target Phþ ALL cells with BCR-ABL1–dependent resistance; however, overcoming BCR-ABL1–independent mechanisms of resistance remains challenging because transcription factors, which are difficult to inhibit, are often involved. We show here that (i) the growth of Phþ ALL cell lines and primary cells is highly dependent on MYB-mediated transcriptional upregulation of CDK6, cyclin D3, and BCL2, and (ii) restoring their expression in MYB-silenced Phþ ALL cells rescues their impaired proliferation and survival. Levels of MYB and CDK6 were highly correlated in adult Phþ ALL (P ¼ 0.00008). Moreover, Phþ ALL cells exhibited a specific requirement for CDK6 but not CDK4 expression, most likely because, in these cells, CDK6 was predominantly localized in the nucleus, whereas CDK4 was almost exclusively cytoplasmic. Consistent with their essential role in Phþ ALL, pharmacologic inhibition of CDK6 and BCL2 markedly suppressed proliferation, colony formation, and survival of Phþ ALL cells ex vivo and in mice. In summary, these findings provide a proof-of-principle, rational strategy to target the MYB addiction of Phþ ALL. © 2017 American Association for Cancer Research

Professor-Student Interactions and Student Participation: Comparing the Effects of Body Language and Gender on Classroom Participation

According to extensive research and widely-held belief, educators call on males more than females in the classroom. However, the sex of students may overshadow the importance of the body language typical of each sex in classroom interactions between educators and students