MOESM3 of Expression of meis and hoxa11 in dipnoan and teleost fins provides new insights into the evolution of vertebrate appendages

Additional file 3: Fig. 3 Position of lungfish riboprobes. WISH riboprobes spanning mature mRNAs

MOESM4 of Expression of meis and hoxa11 in dipnoan and teleost fins provides new insights into the evolution of vertebrate appendages

Additional file 4: Fig. 4 meis3 expression in developing pectoral fins of Neoceratodus. Transversal sections of in situ results at st. 42 and 47

MOESM5 of Expression of meis and hoxa11 in dipnoan and teleost fins provides new insights into the evolution of vertebrate appendages

Additional file 5: Fig. 5 hoxa11 expression in lungfish. In situ results in nervous system, tail and digestive tract

MOESM2 of Expression of meis and hoxa11 in dipnoan and teleost fins provides new insights into the evolution of vertebrate appendages

Additional file 2: Fig. 2 Alignment and phylogenetic analysis of Neoceratodus proteins. Partial protein-translated alignment and molecular phylogeny in ortholog identification of Neoceratodus meis1, meis3 and hoxa11

Examples of trunk, tail and multiple phenotypes.

<p>(A,B) Compared to the wild-type, the trunk and papillae of <i>chiodino</i> are smaller. (C) Anterior trunk and papillae do not form in <i>mezacapa</i>. (D) An endodermal structure is observed in <i>bermuda</i> that resembles a premature organ rudiment (black arrow). (E,F) The trunk is smaller in the multiple phenotype <i>pigtail</i> and <i>pavese</i> mutations. (G) <i>fuoriditesta</i> (<i>fdt</i>) is another multiple phenotype featuring a shorter tail (not shown) and an externalised sensory vesicle (white arrow). (H) <i>fdt</i> was originally isolated in a double heterozygosity carrier of <i>fdt</i> and <i>omero</i> mutations (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002344#pone-0002344-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>) (dashed line delimits the sensory vesicle in double homozygous mutant larvae). (I) Massive cell death is observed across the body of <i>camus</i> larvae, as shown by the trunk. (J–M) Compared with wild-type larvae, some mutations display tails that are shorter than normal (L). The morphology of the notochord cells in the tails of <i>halftail</i> and <i>streveza</i> homozygous larvae suggests an impaired differentiation (K,M).</p

Homozygous mutant phenotypes with defects in the formation of sensory organs and brain vesicle.

<p>(A,B) Compared to wild-type larvae, no development of melanin is seen in the sensory organs of <i>albus</i> larvae. Scale bar, 100 µm. (C) Few pigment spots are observed in the otolith of <i>tasso</i>. (D) Only one undefined pigmented sensory organ is present in <i>pascoli</i>. (E) In <i>pale</i>, the ocellus is weakly pigmented, while the otolith is normal. (F) Supranumerary pigment cells in the otolith and none in the ocellus are observed in <i>monkey</i>. (G, H) Enlarged ocellus pigmentation and two otolith pigment cells occur in the <i>shiva</i> and <i>miller</i> mutants, respectively. (I) No pigmentation and at least no otolith are observed in <i>omero</i>. (J) The sensory vesicle of <i>divine</i> is not cavitated. White and black arrowheads indicate otolith and ocellus, respectively.</p

List of naturally occurring mutations identified during the screening.

<p>Mutation name, population of origin, percentage of F₁ homozygosity, mutation class, short phenotype description and method of validation. Abbreviations: CNS, central nervous system; Nc, notochord; Oc, ocellus; Ot, otolith; SO, sensory organs; SV, sensory vesicle. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002344#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a> for validation procedures.</p

A schematic representation of sensory organ formation in C. intestinalis.

<p>(A) Otolith differentiation in <i>omero</i> is affected by an early specification problem that is likely to occur during gastrulation. (B) A supranumerary pigment cell in the <i>monkey</i> otolith points to a defect in fate determination at the tailbud stage. (C) Pigment formation in the sensory organs implicates a late differentiation step that becomes obvious at the late-tailbud stage, and is abolished in <i>albus</i>.</p

Genetic characterization based on twelve nuclear microsatellite loci.

*<p><b><i>p</i></b><b><0.05;</b></p>**<p><b><i>p</i></b><b><0.01;</b></p>***<p><b><i>p</i></b><b><0.001</b></p><p>n/tot, number of alleles <i>per</i> locus and <i>per</i> population over the total number of alleles <i>per</i> locus; H_O, observed heterozygosis; H_E, expected heterozygosis; F, fixation index; <i>P</i>, probability level for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; n.s., non significant.</p

Genetic distance and gene flow among sites.

<p>Pairwise population comparison based on Nei <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002344#pone.0002344-Shimeld1" target="_blank">[47]</a> genetic distances in lower triangle matrix; Nm (estimated number of migrants) among populations in upper triangle matrix.</p