Flavonstrahlung in the B3−L2B_3-L_2 Z′Z' Model at Current and Future Colliders

The $B_3-L_2$ $Z^\prime$ model may explain some gross features of the fermion mass spectrum as well as $b\rightarrow s \ell \ell$ anomalies. A TeV-scale physical scalar field associated with gauged $U(1)_{B_3-L_2}$ spontaneous symmetry breaking, the flavon field $\vartheta$, affects Higgs phenomenology via mixing. In this paper, we investigate the collider phenomenology of the flavon field. Higgs and $W$ boson mass data are used to place bounds upon parameter space. We then examine flavonstrahlung (${Z^\prime} \rightarrow Z^\prime \vartheta$ production) at colliders as a means to directly produce and discover flavon particles, providing direct empirical evidence tying it to $U(1)_{B_3-L_2}$ symmetry breaking. A 100 TeV FCC-hh or a 10 TeV muon collider would have high sensitivity to flavonstrahlung, whereas the HL-LHC can observe it only in extreme corners of parameter space.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figure

Ability of the National Early Warning Score and its respiratory and haemodynamic subcomponents to predict short-term mortality on general wards : a prospective three-centre observational study in Finland

OBJECTIVES: To validate the ability of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) to predict short-term mortality on hospital wards, with a special reference to the NEWS's respiratory and haemodynamic subcomponents. DESIGN: A large, 1-year, prospective, observational three-centre study. First measured vital sign datasets on general wards were prospectively collected using a mobile solution system during routine patient care. Area under receiver operator characteristic curves were constructed, and comparisons between ROC curves were conducted with Delong's test for two correlated ROC curves. SETTING: One university hospital and two regional hospitals in Finland. PARTICIPANTS: All 19 001 adult patients admitted to 45 general wards in the three hospitals over the 1-year study period. After excluding 102/19 001 patients (0.53%) with data on some vital signs missing, the final cohort consisted of 18 889 patients with full datasets. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was 1-day mortality and secondary outcomes were 2-day and 30-day mortality rates. RESULTS: Patients' median age was 70 years, 51% were male and 31% had a surgical reason for admission. The 1-day mortality was 0.36% and the 30-day mortality was 3.9%. The NEWS discriminated 1-day non-survivors with excellent accuracy (AUROC 0.91, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.95) and 30-day mortality with acceptable accuracy (0.75, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.77). The NEWS's respiratory rate component discriminated 1-day non-survivors better (0.78, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.84) as compared with the oxygen saturation (0.66, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.73), systolic blood pressure (0.65, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.72) and heart rate (0.67, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.74) subcomponents (p<0.01 in all ROC comparisons). As with the total NEWS, the discriminative performance of the individual score components decreased substantially for the 30-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS: NEWS discriminated general ward patients at risk for acute death with excellent statistical accuracy. The respiratory rate component is especially strongly associated with short-term mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04055350.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Flavonstrahlung in the B 3 − L 2 Z ′ model at current and future colliders

The B3− L2Z′ model may explain some gross features of the fermion mass spectrum as well as b → sℓℓ anomalies. A TeV-scale physical scalar field associated with gauged U1B3−L2 spontaneous symmetry breaking, the flavon field ϑ, affects Higgs phenomenology via mixing. In this paper, we investigate the collider phenomenology of the flavon field. Higgs and W boson mass data are used to place bounds upon parameter space. We then examine flavonstrahlung (Z′ → Z′ϑ production) at colliders as a means to directly produce and discover flavon particles, which would provide direct empirical evidence tying the flavon to U1B3−L2 symmetry breaking. A 100 TeV FCC-hh or a 10 TeV muon collider would have high sensitivity to flavonstrahlung, whereas the HL-LHC can observe it only in extreme corners of parameter space

Flavonstrahlung in the B 3 − L 2 Z ′ model at current and future colliders

The B3− L2Z′ model may explain some gross features of the fermion mass spectrum as well as b → sℓℓ anomalies. A TeV-scale physical scalar field associated with gauged U1B3−L2 spontaneous symmetry breaking, the flavon field ϑ, affects Higgs phenomenology via mixing. In this paper, we investigate the collider phenomenology of the flavon field. Higgs and W boson mass data are used to place bounds upon parameter space. We then examine flavonstrahlung (Z′ → Z′ϑ production) at colliders as a means to directly produce and discover flavon particles, which would provide direct empirical evidence tying the flavon to U1B3−L2 symmetry breaking. A 100 TeV FCC-hh or a 10 TeV muon collider would have high sensitivity to flavonstrahlung, whereas the HL-LHC can observe it only in extreme corners of parameter space

Trends in the national early warning score are associated with subsequent mortality : A prospective three-centre observational study with 11,331 general ward patients

Aim: To investigate whether trends in the NEWS values are associated with patient mortality in general ward patients. Methods: A one-year prospective observational study in three hospitals in Finland. All data on patients’ NEWS values during the first three days of general ward admissions were collected. The linear regression model was used to investigate the association of the NEWS trajectories with subsequent mortality. We used three outcome measures: 4–7-day, 4–14-day and 4–21-day mortality rates after the 0–3 days of initial hospitalization, respectively. Results: The study cohort consisted of 11,331 general ward patients. The non-survivors had higher initial NEWS score values in all outcome categories (all p < 0.001). The non-survivors had a rising trajectory in their NEWS values in all the outcome categories, whereas the survivors had a downward trajectory in their NEWS values in all outcome categories (data presented as first- and third-day's median values): an increase from 5.0 to 6.0 vs. a decrease from 1.5 to 1.0 (4–7-day non-survivors vs. survivors), an increase from 4.0 to 5.0 vs. a decrease from 1.5 to 1.0 (4–14-day non-survivors vs. survivors) and an increase from 4.0 to 5.0 vs. a decrease from 1.5 to 1.0 (4–21-day non-survivors vs. survivors). In the linear regression model, these differences in trends were statistically significant in all the outcome categories (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The NEWS score trajectory during the first three days of general ward admission is associated with patient outcome. Further studies are warranted to determine specific thresholds for clinically relevant changes in the NEWS trajectories.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Rapid response team nurses' attitudes and barriers to the rapid response system : A multicentre survey

Background: Despite wide implementation of rapid response teams (RRTs), no published data exist on RRT nurses' attitudes and barriers to the rapid response system (RRS). Methods: We piloted a 5-point Likert-type scale questionnaire among all Finnish university hospitals' RRT nurses with optional open-ended comments. The impact of more frequent RRT participation was further investigated. Results: The response rate was 46% (n = 176/379, 34%-93% between hospitals). The respondents median experience on a RRT was three years (0.8-5) and median participation was two (1˗5) RRT activations per month. Over 90% of the RRT nurses felt that RRS prevented cardiac arrests and improved patient safety. Nurses with five or more RRT activations/month believed their critical care skills had improved through these duties (94% vs 71%, P =.001), considered their RRT work meaningful (94% vs 76%, P =.005) and wanted to continue as RRT nurses (91% vs 74%, P =.015) more often than nurses with less than five RRT activations/month. In addition to the infrequent RRT participation, further negative experiences with RRS among the RRT nurses included feeling overworked (68%) or undercompensated (94%) for the RRT duties and conflicts between RRT and ward doctors (25%). Conclusion: RRT nurses consider their work important and believe it fosters improved critical care skills; these beliefs are emphasized among those with more frequent RRT participation. Infrequent RRT participation, feeling overworked and/or undercompensated and conflicts between RRT and ward doctors may present barriers for successful RRS among RRT nurses.publishedVersionPeer reviewe