Trends Analysis of Graphene Research and Development

Purpose: This study aims to reveal the landscape and trends of graphene research in the world by using data from Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS). Design/methodology/approach: Index data from CAS have been retrieved on 78,756 papers and 23,057 patents on graphene from 1985 to March 2016, and scientometric methods were used to analyze the growth and distribution of R&amp;D output, topic distribution and evolution, and distribution and evolution of substance properties and roles. Findings: In recent years R&amp;D in graphene keeps in rapid growth, while China, South Korea and United States are the largest producers in research but China is relatively weak in patent applications in other countries. Research topics in graphene are continuously expanding from mechanical, material, and electrical properties to a diverse range of application areas such as batteries, capacitors, semiconductors, and sensors devices. The roles of emerging substances are increasing in Preparation and Biological Study. More techniques have been included to improve the preparation processes and applications of graphene in various fields. Research limitations: Only data from CAS is used and some R&amp;D activities solely reported through other channels may be missed. Also more detailed analysis need to be done to reveal the impact of research on development or vice verse, development dynamics among the players, and impact of emerging terms or substance roles on research and technology development. Practical implications: This will provide a valuable reference for scientists and developers, R&amp;D managers, R&amp;D policy makers, industrial and business investers to understand the landscape and trends of graphene research. Its methodologies can be applied to other fields or with data from other similar sources. Originality/value: The integrative use of indexing data on papers and patents of CAS and the systematic exploration of the distribution trends in output, topics, substance roles are distinctive and insightful.</p

Concurrent pigeon paramyxovirus-1 and Acinetobacter baumannii infection in a fatal case of pneumonia

Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1), an antigenic variant of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1), mainly infects pigeons. PPMV-1 genotype VI is the dominant genotype infecting pigeons in China. Human infection of avian paramyxovirus was rarely reported, and usually developed mild symptoms, such as conjunctivitis. We detected PPMV-1 in the lower respiratory sample from a fatal case with severe pneumonia; this patient aged 64 years presented cough, fever, and haemoptysis for 8 days and was admitted to hospital on Dec 26, 2020. He developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis in the following days and died of multiple organ failure on Jan 7, 2021. Sputum and blood culture reported multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (ABA) for samples collected on days 22 and 19 post-illness, respectively. However, clinical metagenomic sequencing further reported PPMV-1 besides ABA in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The PPMV-1 genome showed 99.21% identity with a Chinese strain and belonged to VI genotype by BLAST analysis. Multiple basic amino acids were observed at the cleavage site of F protein (113RKKRF117), which indicated high virulence of this PPMV-1 strain to poultry. The patient had close contact with pigeons before his illness, and PPMV-1 nucleic acid was detected from the pigeon feather. PPMV antibody was also detected in the patient serum 20 days after illness. In conclusion, concurrent PPMV-1 genotype VI.2.1.1.2.2 and ABA infection were identified in a fatal pneumonia case, and cross-species transmission of PPMV-1 may occur between infected pigeons and the human being