sj-pdf-1-trr-10.1177_03611981221093323 – Supplemental material for Rolling Stock Allocation and Timetabling for Urban Rail Transit Network with Multiple Depots

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trr-10.1177_03611981221093323 for Rolling Stock Allocation and Timetabling for Urban Rail Transit Network with Multiple Depots by Fan Pu, Jiateng Yin, Yihui Wang, Shuai Su, Lixing Yang and Tao Tang in Transportation Research Record</p

Supplementary Data from Experimental evidence that cuckoos choose host nests following an egg matching strategy

The arms race between brood parasites and their hosts provides a classic model to study coevolution. Hosts often reject the parasitic egg, and brood parasites should therefore select host nests in which the colour of the eggs best matches that of their own. Although this hypothesis has received some support, direct experimental evidence is still lacking. Here, we report on a study of Daurian redstarts, which show a distinct egg-colour dimorphism, with females laying either blue or pink eggs. Redstarts are often parasitized by common cuckoos, which lay light blue eggs. First, we show that cuckoo eggs were more similar in spectral reflectance to the blue than to the pink redstart egg morph. Second, we report that the natural parasitism rate was higher in blue than in pink host clutches. Third, we performed a field experiment in which we presented a dummy clutch of each colour morph adjacent to active redstart nests. In this set-up, cuckoos almost always chose to parasitize a blue clutch. Our results demonstrate that cuckoos actively choose redstart nests in which the egg colour matches the colour of their own eggs. Our study thus provides direct experimental evidence in support of the egg matching hypothesis

Supplementary Tables from Experimental evidence that cuckoos choose host nests following an egg matching strategy

The arms race between brood parasites and their hosts provides a classic model to study coevolution. Hosts often reject the parasitic egg, and brood parasites should therefore select host nests in which the colour of the eggs best matches that of their own. Although this hypothesis has received some support, direct experimental evidence is still lacking. Here, we report on a study of Daurian redstarts, which show a distinct egg-colour dimorphism, with females laying either blue or pink eggs. Redstarts are often parasitized by common cuckoos, which lay light blue eggs. First, we show that cuckoo eggs were more similar in spectral reflectance to the blue than to the pink redstart egg morph. Second, we report that the natural parasitism rate was higher in blue than in pink host clutches. Third, we performed a field experiment in which we presented a dummy clutch of each colour morph adjacent to active redstart nests. In this set-up, cuckoos almost always chose to parasitize a blue clutch. Our results demonstrate that cuckoos actively choose redstart nests in which the egg colour matches the colour of their own eggs. Our study thus provides direct experimental evidence in support of the egg matching hypothesis

Supplementary video S1 from Differences in the costs and benefits of choosiness may explain variation in cuckoo egg-matching strategy. A reply to Wang and Liang (2023).

S1. Female cuckoo checks the two dummy nests (one with blue eggs and one with pink eggs) before parasitising the active blue-egg nest

Supplementary video S2 from Differences in the costs and benefits of choosiness may explain variation in cuckoo egg-matching strategy. A reply to Wang and Liang (2023).

S2. Female cuckoo removes a host egg from the active pink-egg nest without egg laying

Supplementary video S3 from Differences in the costs and benefits of choosiness may explain variation in cuckoo egg-matching strategy. A reply to Wang and Liang (2023).

S3. Female cuckoo lays the parasitic egg in the dummy pink-egg nest and removes a host egg

Additional file 3: of An enhanced genetic model of colorectal cancer progression history

Review history. (DOCX 232 kb

Additional file 2: of An enhanced genetic model of colorectal cancer progression history

Figure S1. Amplification artifacts and TCF7L2 fusion. Figure S2. CN-LOHs occurring early in several tumors. Figure S3. Timing estimation. Figure S4. Tumor progression maps of other tumors. Figure S5. Timing of subclonal copy changes. Figure S6. Subclonal SNV selection in tumor evolution modeling. Figure S7. GD and sequential chromosomal duplications. Fig. S8. Chromothripsis and kataegis. (DOCX 3297 kb

Additional file 1: of An enhanced genetic model of colorectal cancer progression history

Table S1. Patients’ information. Table S2. Sequencing samples’ information. Table S3. Test for neutral evolution. Table S4. List of chromothripsis. Table S5. List of kataegis. (XLSX 27 kb

Tables S1-S6 from Engineering and Functional Characterization of Fusion Genes Identifies Novel Oncogenic Drivers of Cancer

Fusion genes and their sequences from TCGA (S1-2); Primers for fusion PCR (S3); BRAF mutants and mutagenesis primers (S4); (q)PCR primers for expression detection (S5); Fusion gene construction efficiency and success rate (S6)</p