IL-27 and IFNβ synergistically induce IL-10 production by Th17 cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) and (<b>B</b>) CD4 T cells were cultured under the Th17 conditions in the presence of IFNβ or IL-27 as indicated for 72 hours, the concentration of IL-17 or IL-10 in the culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. Results are reported as mean±SD of triplicate samples from one representative experiment. Data are representative of five experiments with similar results.</p

Upregulation of IL-10 expression in T cells by IFNβ.

<p>Naïve CD4 T cells were cultured in Th17 polarizing conditions as described above in the presence of IFNβ for 72 hours. Expression of IL-17 and IL-10 in CD4 T cells was determined by intracellular cytokine staining. Data are representative of five experiments with similar results.</p

IFN-mediated inhibition of gene expression in Th17 cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) The expression of IL-17A mRNA in Th17 cells treated with IFNβ. Naive T cells were cultured under Th17 condition in the presence of IFNβ (500 U/ml) for 3 days, the expression level of IL-17 mRNA was measured by Quantitative RT-PCR. Values are normalized to their average beta-actin values, and are presented as relative expression units. Error bars indicate ± SD among duplicate samples from one experiment. (<b>B</b>) Quantitative RT-PCR of the expression of mRNA encoding RORγt in Th17 cells treated with IFNβ. Values are normalized to their average beta-actin values and are presented as relative expression units. Error bars indicate ± SD among duplicate samples from one experiment. Data are representative of three independent experiments with similar results.</p

Encephalitogenic T cells treated with IFN lead to reduced EAE.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Wt mice were immunized with MOG peptide emulsified in CFA. On day 12 post immunization, total splenocytes were isolated and re-stimulated with MOG peptide ex vivo in the presence or absence of IFNβ for 3 days. Then CD4 T cells were purified and adoptively transferred into wt receipt mice. In addition, a mixture of antigen re-stimulated CD4 T cells containing both untreated and IFN-treated T cells (Tmix) were transferred into wt mice (5 mice per group). The mice were monitored daily for clinical sign of disease. (<b>B</b>) Total splenocytes were isolated from mice in (A) and re-stimulated with MOG peptide ex vivo, the IL-17 production was measured by ELISA. Results are reported as mean±SD of triplicate samples from one representative experiment. Data are representative of three experiments with similar results.</p

Surface Ion-Imprinted Polypropylene Nonwoven Fabric for Potential Uranium Seawater Extraction with High Selectivity over Vanadium

Uranium seawater extraction is strategically important to guarantee the future supply for nuclear power generation. However, it is still a challenge to selectively capture uranium over vanadium in seawater. In this paper, we propose a new method for potential uranium seawater extraction with high selectivity over vanadium. Specifically, surface ion-imprinted polypropylene nonwoven fabric is prepared by copolymerization of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride and 1-vinylimidazole in the presence of uranyl tricarbonate complex. The sorption follows the pseudo-second-order model and can reach the equilibrium with a large capacity of 133.3 mg/g within 15 h at pH 8.0 and 298.15 K. The imprinted fabric shows excellent selectivity toward uranium over vanadium and the other coexisting ions in seawater. In addition, it exhibits good salt-resistant stability and can be regenerated efficiently after five cycles. This work indicates that the imprinted fabric may be a promising sorbent for potential uranium seawater extraction

IFNβ promotes IL-10 production from antigen-specific T cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) and (<b>B</b>) Wt mice were immunized with MOG peptide emulsified in CFA. On day 7 post immunization, total splenocytes were isolated and re-stimulated with MOG peptide ex vivo in the presence of IFNβ for 3 days, IL-17 and IL-10 production was measured by ELISA. Results are reported as mean±SD of triplicate samples from one representative experiment. (<b>C</b>) IFN-treated splenocytes as in (A) were stained for intracellular IL-10. Plots were gated on CD4⁺ T cells. Data are representative of three experiments with similar results.</p

Type I IFN upregulates IL-10 production by Th17 cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) and (<b>B</b>) Naïve CD4 T cells were cultured in Th17 culture conditions in the presence of purified IFNα or IFNβ (500 U/ml) for 72 hours. Production of IL-17 and IL-10 by CD4 T cells was determined by ELISA. (<b>C</b>) IL-10^−/− naive CD4 T cells were cultured in Th17 culture condition with IFNβ for 72 hours, the concentration of IL-17 in the supernatants was measured by ELISA. Results are reported as mean±SD of triplicate samples from one representative experiment. Data are representative of five (A, B) and three (C) experiments with similar results.</p

Mechanisms of IFN-mediated induction of IL-10 from T cells in Th17-polarizing conditions.

<p>(<b>A</b>). Proliferation of IL-10⁺ and IL-17⁺ CD4 T cells upon IFNβ treatment. Purified CD4 T cells were labeled with 5 µM of CFSE (carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester) and stimulated under the Th17 polarizing condition in the presence of IFNβ. After 3 days of culture, cells were stained for CD4, IL-10 and IL-17 and analyzed by FACS. Shown are representative CFSE profiles as well as intracellular IL-10 or IL-17 staining on gated CD4 cells. (<b>B</b>). Induction of IL-10 by IFNβ in fully differentiated Th17 cells. Naive CD4⁺ T cells were stimulated under the Th17-polarizing condition. After 3 days, T cells were re-cultured again for two more rounds under the same Th17 culture condition. In the third round of Th17 differentiation, T cells were treated with or without IFNβ. Expression of IL-17 and IL-10 was measured by intracellular cytokine staining and FACS analysis. Data are representative of three experiments with similar results.</p

Guanidine and Amidoxime Cofunctionalized Polypropylene Nonwoven Fabric for Potential Uranium Seawater Extraction with Antifouling Property

Uranium seawater extraction is strategically important to the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Nevertheless, a challenge remains in uranium enrichment to overcome the microorganisms’ adhesion. In this article, we propose guanidine and amidoxime cofunctionalized polypropylene nonwoven fabric for potential uranium seawater extraction with an antifouling property. Specifically, glycidyl methacrylate was first grafted onto polypropylene nonwoven fabric under γ-ray irradiation, and then reacted with dicyandiamide, and followed by amidoximation to give the functionalized sorbents. The effect of sorbent dose, contact time, and coexisting ions on uranium adsorption and antibacterial assay were investigated. The sorption equilibrium could be reached with a capacity of 112 mg/g within 5 h at pH 8.0 and 298.15 K. The uranium sorption was not affected by other coexisting ions. The antibacterial assay indicated guanidine and amidoxime cofunctionalized fabric could efficiently inhibit the adhesion of Gram-negative <i>E. coli</i> and have bactericidal functions. In addition, it could be regenerated with high efficiency of uranium adsorption after five cycles. This work indicates that guanidine and amidoxime cofunctionalized polypropylene nonwoven fabric may be a promising material for uranium seawater extraction

Effects of different potassium chloride supplies on net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Cond) in the leaves of <i>P. vulgaris</i>.

<p>Note: Each value is presented as the mean ± SE (n = 6). Values that are followed by a different letter in the same line are significantly different according to Duncan's multiple range test (<i>P</i><0.05). K0, K1, K2 and K3 indicate 0, 1.00, 6.00 and 40.00 mM KCl, respectively.</p