Half-maximal rate times (t_½) of L-glutamine action on several metabolic fluxes.

<p>Half-maximal rate times (t_½) of L-glutamine action on several metabolic fluxes.</p

Time courses of glucose output during L-glutamine infusion (5 mM) in livers from control and diabetic rats after fasting periods of 48 and 72 hours.

<p>L-Glutamine infusion was initiated at 10 minutes perfusion time, as indicated by the black arrows. Legends: control, ●—●; type 1 diabetes, ■—■; type 2 diabetes, ○—○. Statistically significant differences between control and type 1 diabetes are indicated by the symbol <b>*</b>.</p

Time courses of ammonia, urea, alanine and L-glutamate output during L-glutamine infusion (5 mM) in livers from control and diabetic rats after a 24 hours fasting period.

<p>L-Glutamine infusion was initiated at 10 minutes perfusion time, as indicated by the black arrows. Control, ●—●; type 1 diabetes, ■—■; type 2 diabetes, ○—○. Statistically significant differences between control and type 1 diabetes or control and type 2 diabetes are indicated by the symbols <b>*</b> and <b>‡</b>, respectively.</p

Glycogen contents, total glucose output (Δglucose output), changes in glycogen contents (Δglycogen content) and gluconeogenesis of livers from 24-hours fasted rats during substrate-free perfusion and perfusion with 5 mM L-glutamine.

<p>Glycogen contents, total glucose output (Δglucose output), changes in glycogen contents (Δglycogen content) and gluconeogenesis of livers from 24-hours fasted rats during substrate-free perfusion and perfusion with 5 mM L-glutamine.</p

Time courses of glucose and lactate output and oxygen uptake during L-glutamine infusion (5 mM) in livers from control and diabetic rats after a 24 hours fasting period.

<p>L-Glutamine infusion was initiated at 10 minutes perfusion time, as indicated by the black arrows. Legends: control, ●—●; type 1 diabetes, ■—■; type 2 diabetes, ○—○. Statistically significant differences between control and type 1 diabetes or control and type 2 diabetes are indicated by the symbols <b>*</b> and <b>‡</b>, respectively.</p