キョウシツ ノ DECENTRALIZATION : COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH ノ イチソクメン

世界での日本語学習者の60パーセントが中学・高校などの年少者だといわれているが、実質的効果 をあげるという点からみた場合、中学・高校の教師を養成する師範大学での日本語科学生の日本語教育は特殊な意義を持っているといえよう。 本稿は、永年日本語教育をやってきた過程において、自分なりに得たcommunicative approachに対する見解とその応用ともいえる教室のdecentralizationについて、私見およびその具体例について述べてみるものである。Young learners, including middle school and high school students, comprise 60 percent of all Japanese-language learners in the world. From this point of view, Japanese language teaching in normal universities has special meaning. The article relates the author\u27s view of the communicative approach learned during long periods of Japanese-Ianguage teaching in the university. He introduces decentralization of classroom learning activities that are based on the idea of a communicative approach, giving some concrete examples

First Assessment of NOx Sources at a Regional Background Site in North China Using Isotopic Analysis Linked with Modeling

important role in the formation of atmospheric particles. Thus, NOx emission reduction is critical for improving air quality, especially in severely air-polluted regions (e.g., North China). In this study, the source of NOx was investigated by the isotopic composition (delta N-15) of particulate nitrate (p-NO3-) at Beihuangcheng Island (BH), a regional background site in North China. It was found that the delta N-15-NO3- (n = 120) values varied between -1.7 parts per thousand and +24.0 parts per thousand and the delta O-18-NO3- values ranged from 49.4 parts per thousand to 103.9 parts per thousand. On the basis of the Bayesian mixing model, 27.78 +/- 8.89%, 36.53 +/- 6.66%, 22.01 +/- 6.92%, and 13.68 +/- 3.16% of annual NOx could be attributed to biomass burning, coal combustion, mobile sources, and biogenic soil emissions, respectively. Seasonally, the four sources were similar in spring and fall. Biogenic soil emissions were augmented in summer in association with the hot and rainy weather. Coal combustion increased significantly in winter with other sources showing an obvious decline. This study confirmed that isotope-modeling by delta N-15-NO3- is a promising tool for partitioning NOx sources and provides guidance to policymakers with regard to options for NOx reduction in North China

Post-natal parental care in a Cretaceous diapsid from northeastern China

Post-natal parental care seems to have evolved numerous times in vertebrates. Among extant amniotes, it is present in crocodilians, birds, and mammals. However, evidence of this behavior is extremely rare in the fossil record and is only reported for two types of dinosaurs, and a varanopid ‘pelycosaur’. Here we report new evidence for post-natal parental care in Philydrosaurus, a choristodere, from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning Province, China. We review the fossil record of reproduction in choristoderes, and this represents the oldest record of post-natal parental care in diapsids to our knowledge