Feature integration effects.

<p>Mean reaction times (RTs) and mean error rates as a function of the repetition versus alternation of response key/graphic shape and Stroop stimulus congruency level.</p

Congruency sequence effects.

<p>Mean reaction times (RTs) and mean error rates for congruent and incongruent trials in the present trial (N) depending on the congruency of the previous trial (N−1).</p

Comparison of estimations with and without Amerindian training samples.

<p>(a) African average dosages of Viva. (b) Amerindian average dosages of Viva. (c) African average dosages of Lipid. (d) Amerindian dosages of Lipid. We combined CEU and TSI as European training samples, and YRI and MKK as African training samples.</p

Estimates of selection coefficient <i>s</i> under different models. <i>p</i>₀ is the genome-wide mean of African average dosages; <i>p</i>₁ is the peak African average dosage at MHC.

<p>Estimates of selection coefficient <i>s</i> under different models. <i>p</i>₀ is the genome-wide mean of African average dosages; <i>p</i>₁ is the peak African average dosage at MHC.</p

Comparison between different European and African training samples.

<p>The comparison was performed with chromosome 6 of Lipid dataset. African (a) and European (b) average dosages for five sets of training samples shown in legend, where ALL means CEU+TSI−YRI+MKK−MAYA. (c) The difference of estimated European average dosages of Mexicans between two European training samples (see main text for explanation). (d) The violin plots of structure analysis of five HapMap3 populations, where ASW denotes Americans from the Southwest, an African American population. On each violin plot, gray dot denotes the median and black dot the mean.</p

Global ancestry proportions and principal components.

<p>(a) and (b) are triangular plots for Viva and Lipid respectively. To produce a triangular plot, note that each individual associates a triplet of ancestry proportions (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>, <i>z</i>) such that <i>x</i> + <i>y</i> + <i>z</i> = 1, and a unique point can be determined such that within an equilateral triangle its distances to three edges are <i>x</i>, <i>y</i> and <i>z</i>. (c) and (d) are PC plots for Viva and Lipid respectively. The PC plots shown are mirror images of the original as indicated by “–” sign in labels.</p

In-Channel Printing-Device Opening Assay for Micropatterning Multiple Cells and Gene Analysis

Herein we report an easy but versatile method for patterning different cells on a single substrate by using a microfluidic approach that allows not only spatial and temporal control of multiple microenvironments but also retrieval of specific treated cells to profile their expressed genetic information at around 10-cell resolution. By taking advantages of increased surface area of gold nanoparticles on a poly­(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coated substrate, cell adhesive-promotive protein, human fibronectin (hFN) can be significantly accumulated on designed regions where cells can recognize the protein and spread out. Moreover, the whole device can be easily opened by hand without any loss of patterned cells which could be retrieved by mouth-pipet. Consequently, we demonstrate the possibility of analyzing the difference of gene expression patterns between wild type MCF-7 cell and MCF/Adr (drug-resistant cell line) from less than 400 cells in total for a single comprehensive assay, including parallel experiments, controls, and multiple dose treatments. Certain genes, especially the P-glycoprotein coding gene (ABCB1), show high expression level in resistant cells compared with the wild type, suggesting a possible pathway that may contribute to the antidrug mechanism

African average dosages.

<p>Plot shows all 22 autosomes for two GWAS datasets. The spike at MHC region on chromosome 6 is rather striking in both datasets. The blue lines are the genome-wide mean of average dosages; the gray lines are <i>mean</i> ± 4<i>ssd</i> (ssd stands for sample standard deviation).</p

Different Poisson’s ratio for the first five modes as a change of the micro-cantilever plate’s resonant frequency, μ = 2–4.

<p>Different Poisson’s ratio for the first five modes as a change of the micro-cantilever plate’s resonant frequency, μ = 2–4.</p

Locations of the attached masses.

<p>Five points are choosing on the plate, there mass and location are different.</p