Knowledge and Attitudes of Elementary Schoolteachers on Dental Trauma and its Management in Yazd, Iran

Statement of the Problem: School is one of the places with the greatest prevalence of occurrence of traumatic dental injuries. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge levels and attitudes of elementary school teachers towards dental trauma and its management. Materials and Method: In this cross-sectional study, 281 elementary school teachers were selected through cluster sampling to answer the prepared questionnaire. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed in SPSS software by using ANOVA test and t-test. p Value<0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: The total knowledge and attitude were low and normal, respectively. No previous exposure to or close observation of a dental trauma was reported by 61.2% of teachers; while, 12.5% were trained on dental traumas first aid management. There was statistically significant relationship between the teacher’s knowledge and previous first aids training. Conclusion: The knowledge of schoolteachers on emergency management of dental trauma is poor. Therefore, it seems to be helpful to consider the management of dental injuries especially avulsed teeth as a part of teachers' education

The Prevalence of Impacted Third Molar, Impaction Angulation, and Impaction Depth in Patients Visiting Dental Clinics and Private Offices in Ghaemshahr, Iran, in 2016

Background & Aims:  The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of impacted third molar as well as impaction angulation and depth. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 261 panoramic radiographs belonging to patients visiting dental clinics and offices in Ghaemshahr, Iran, were evaluated and the presence of impacted wisdom teeth was examined. Moreover, the angulation of impacted teeth, impaction depth, and the relationship of the tooth to the mandibular ramus were recorded. The data were recorded, collected, and statistically analyzed in SPSS 22 using the non-parametric chi-square test. p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 261 patients entering the study, 52 (17.69%) had at least one impacted tooth. Of the total number of patients with impacted teeth, 31 were women (mean prevalence of 19.87% of the total population of women) and 21 were men (15.22% of the total population of men), showing no significant difference (p=0.29). In terms of impaction depth based on Pell and Gregory’ classification, Class C impaction depth was the most prevalent in the maxilla, while Class A was the most prevalent in the mandible. The most prevalent impaction in terms of angulation in relation to the second molar was vertical in the maxilla and vertical and mesioangular in the mandible. Conclusion: Based on results, the prevalence of impacted wisdom teeth in patients was 17.69%. This may not be a striking amount, but it is still of significance since the possible complications of impacted teeth are costly and problematic

Evaluation of factors influencing child abuse leading to oro-facial lesions in Isfahan, Iran: A qualitative approach

Background: Since child abuse and neglect are serious conditions which can potentially lead to inappropriate dental health, we conducted this qualitative study to define the factors influencing child abuse and neglect, which lead to oro-facial lesions. Materials and Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted by social services employees. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants to capture a range of experiences such as the physical abuse, sexual abuse, role of family in child abuse, age, and gender. Results: Participants demonstrated a range of perceptions which lead to child abuse including hitting on the head and slapping. Often subsidiary to this view, several factors were mentioned that occasionally influenced child abuse. These factors appeared to be idiosyncratic but could be drawn together into three categories: Cultural lacks which includes poverty, cruelty of parents and addiction, psychological disorders, and separation in the family which was seen in most of the children. Conclusion: This study has identified a variety of factors influencing the incidence of child abuse. Therefore, dentists should meticulously pay attention to children who have these risk factors in order to discover child abuse events. Quantitative research would reveal the extent of these factors. Dentists′ knowledge of their roles in managing cases suffering from abuse might need to be assessed to see if dentists need further education in this important area

Evaluation of factors influencing child abuse leading to oro-facial lesions in Isfahan, Iran: A qualitative approach

Background: Since child abuse and neglect are serious conditions which can potentially lead to inappropriate dental health, we conducted this qualitative study to define the factors influencing child abuse and neglect, which lead to oro-facial lesions. Materials and Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted by social services employees. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants to capture a range of experiences such as the physical abuse, sexual abuse, role of family in child abuse, age, and gender. Results: Participants demonstrated a range of perceptions which lead to child abuse including hitting on the head and slapping. Often subsidiary to this view, several factors were mentioned that occasionally influenced child abuse. These factors appeared to be idiosyncratic but could be drawn together into three categories: Cultural lacks which includes poverty, cruelty of parents and addiction, psychological disorders, and separation in the family which was seen in most of the children. Conclusion: This study has identified a variety of factors influencing the incidence of child abuse. Therefore, dentists should meticulously pay attention to children who have these risk factors in order to discover child abuse events. Quantitative research would reveal the extent of these factors. Dentists′ knowledge of their roles in managing cases suffering from abuse might need to be assessed to see if dentists need further education in this important area

Family-based association analysis between nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate and IRF6 polymorphism in an Iranian population.

OBJECTIVES: Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common birth defect which is strongly associated with genetic factors. Previous studies in several populations showed a significant correlation between IRF6 rs642961 polymorphism and NSCL/P. The aim of this study is to indicate the correlation of IRF6 rs642961 polymorphism and NSCL/P in Iranian NSCL/P families. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, we analyzed IRF6 rs642961 genotype in 352 individuals from 102 Iranian nuclear families affected by NSCL/P using iPlex assay on a Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and Mendelian error checking were performed by Haploview 4.2. Allelic association analysis was conducted with family-based association tests implemented in FBAT program v2.03. RESULTS: The family-based association analysis revealed no significant association between IRF6 rs642961 genotypes and an increased NSCL/P risk. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to other Asian populations, our study indicates that the IRF6 rs642961 polymorphism cannot be a risk factor for NSCL/P in an Iranian population. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Genetic factors have an important role in NSCL/P, among which interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) has been reported as a risk factor for NSCL/P in several populations; however, our data indicated no significant association between IRF6 polymorphism and NSCL/P in an Iranian population