Microorganisms Isolated from Blood Cultures and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Hitit University Corum Training and Research Hospital

Introduction: In the diagnosis of bacteremia and sepsis, blood culture is the gold standard. Determining the distribution and antibiotic sensitivity of the microorganisms isolated from blood cultures is very important in reducing mortality and morbidity. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the blood cultures sent to our laboratory from our hospital’s intensive care unit and other services and the distribution of isolated microorganisms, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positivity and the susceptibility to various antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Between 01.01.2014 and 31.03.2015, 3100 blood cultures taken from patients were incubated in automated blood culture system (BACT/ALERT 3D, bioMerieux, France) in the Microbiology Laboratory of Hitit University Corum Training and Research Hospital. From signal received bottles, inoculations were made on to blood agar, eosin methylene blue (EMB) and chocolate agar. Plates were incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hours and microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp.) and antibiotic susceptibilities were determined in VITEK 2 (bioMerieux, France) fully automated bacterial identification device. Results: Among the 224 strains isolated from blood cultures, 80 (35.7%) of them were gram-positive and 144 (64.3%) of them were gram negative bacteria. ESBL-positive strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains were found as 37.2%, 29.4%, respectively. 25% of S. aureus strains was found to be resistant to methicillin. S. aureus and Enterococcus spp. strains were highly sensitive to tigecycline, vancomycin and teicoplanin, while Enterobacteriaceae to carbapenem, colistin and aminoglycosides. Conclusion: Isolation, identification and determination of antibiotic sensitivity of the microorganisms cultivated in blood cultures give a lead in terms of empiric treatment. Since ESBL producing bacteria are multi drug resistant, broad spectrum antibiotics are needed to be used

Rotavirus and Adenovirus Frequency in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis

Introduction: The most common causes of acute gastroenteritis in children are rotavirus and adenovirus, and laboratory tests are required to make a definitive diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate retrospectively the frequency of rotavirus and adenovirus, detected by immunochromotographic method, in children with acute gastroenteritis referred to our hospital. Materials and Methods: Between January 2013 and September 2014, 3189 children (aged 0-18) with acute gastroenteritis were included into the study. In faecal samples, rotavirus and adenovirus were tested with a qualitative immunochromotographic test (Abon Biopharm Rota/Adeno, China). Patient records were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis and the difference was accepted statistically significant when p< 0.05. Results: Viral antigens were determined in 706 (22.1%) of the stool samples. Rotavirus was identified in 17.5%, adenovirus in 3.3%, rotavirus and adenovirus together in 1.3%. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of detection of rotavirus and adenovirus among genders (p> 0.05). Rotavirus was most frequently seen between 7-24 months (22%) of ages and between 25 months-4 years (21.2%) of ages (p 0.05). Adenovirus was detected most frequently between 25 months-4 years (4.6%) of ages and lowest among 11 17 years (0.1%) of ages (p= 0.007 and p= 0.0006, respectively). Rotavirus was detected most frequently in spring (25.5%), winter (25.2%), and autumn (23.5%) seasons and the least (5.9%) in summer season (p< 0.005). Conclusion: In conclusion, rotavirus and adenovirus should be routinely investigated in children between 7 months and 4 years, especially in acute gastroenteritis between november and april. Identification of viral agents in children with acute gastroenteritis will help to prevent unnecessary antibiotic administration to provide effective treatment, to prevent heavy dehydration of children and to plan vaccination procedures. Mothers should also be encouraged to breast-feed their babies until they are two years old, as they may have protective effects against viral gastroenteriti